Question

Prepare a table on practises of irrigation and sources of water in different parts of india both traditional and modern method.

Answer 1

Answer:

As I’m sure you have heard, India is a monsoon dependent country. This means that monsoons have a huge impact on our agricultural output and even our economy. However, this isn’t the dark ages. We now have modern techniques that help our farmers and the agricultural sector. One such practice where we have made advancements is Irrigation. Let us learn more about this.

Irrigation

Irrigation essentially means the watering of land to make it ready for agricultural purposes. An irrigation system is the supplying of water via artificial canals and channels to growing plants and crops in a field.

Water is vital for the growth of plants. There can be no plants or crops if they do not have access to water in some form. It is, therefore, crucial to supply water to crops and plants, periodically and as per their requirement. So irrigation is this periodic and appropriate supply of water to plants. The water for this irrigation comes from various sources such as wells, ponds, rivers, dams, reservoirs, rainfall etc.

Importance of Irrigation

Irrigation is necessary for agriculture and farming due to the following reasons:

Plants absorb minerals and nutrients from the soil via their roots. These minerals are dissolved in the water present in the soil. Then the water transports these nutrients to all parts of the plant, enabling growth and photosynthesis.

Irrigation provides the moisture that is crucial during the germination phase of the plant’s life cycle.

Irrigation also makes the soil more fertile (by adding moisture to it) and easier to plough.

Proper irrigation also increases yield from the farm.

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Traditional Methods of Irrigation

These are the methods of irrigation that were used in the earlier years. Even today some small farms in rural areas adopt these. Although they are cheaper than the modern methods, they are not nearly as efficient. They require human or animal labour to function. Some of these methods are,

1. Moat

Also called the pulley system, it involves pulling up water from a well or other such source to irrigate the land. It is an extremely time consuming and labour intensive system, but it is very cost efficient. Also, wastage of water is avoided when using a moat system of irrigation.

2. Chain pump

A chain pump consists of two large wheels connected by a chain. There are buckets attached to the chain. One part of the chain dips into the water source. As the wheel turns, the bucket picks up water. The chain later lifts them to the upper wheel where the water gets deposited into a source. And the empty bucket gets carried back down.

3. Dhekli

It is a system of drawing water from a well or such similar source. Here we tie a rope and bucket to a pole. At the other end, we tie a heavy stick or any other object as a counterbalance. And we use this pole to draw up water.

Answer 2

Traditional and modern irrigation in India

The ways of irrigation modification on location and numerous factors like soil, rainfall, perennial and non-perennial stream, ground handiness, and nature of crops.

Traditional technique :

Canal Irrigation

• Canal irrigation is one of the foremost vital sources of irrigation.
• It accounts for regarding pure gold of the whole irrigation within the nation.
• It is an efficient supply of irrigation in low-level relief, deep fertile soil, and perennial stream areas ,Inundation Canals
• The water is taken out with no barrage and dam is helpful for diversion of flood and remains operational within the time of year.
• Perennial Canals Most canal in Asian country falls beneath Perennial Canals.
• By Constructing a barrage within the Perennial rivers.

Well Irrigation

• Open Well Open Wells is widely used wherever there's ample groundwater.
• Ex: Delta regions of Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, and a part of Tapti and Narmada Valleys.
• Tube Wells - Tube wells area unit utilized in the areas wherever the geological formation is low and therefore the surface is soft, additionally trained in laborious rocky terrains.
• Tank Irrigation - Tanks area unit each natural and semisynthetic. A hollow is constructed on the surface by constructing bunds across the stream, and canals.
• Tank Irrigation in the recent system of irrigation in the Asian country.
• The Tanks area unit won't to collect water throughout the time of year and store it for irrigation and alternative functions. It includes Ponds and Lakes. Tank irrigation is in style in-ground Asian countries.

The leading state in Tank irrigation:

1. Tamil Nadu
2. Andhra Pradesh
3. Madya Pradesh
4. Telangana
5. Karnataka

Modern technique :

Drip system

• Micro Irrigation theme sponsored by the govt. of an Asian country to market drip and mechanical device irrigation to save lots of water.
• State, geographic area, Karnataka, Gujarat, and province accounts for seventy-eight of total small Irrigation within the country.

Rain Gun

• As the name suggests throw water like rain employing a sprinkler or rain gun.
• These sprinklers area units are used for crops having a height of four feet (1.22 m) or a lot of.
• For example Maize, Sugarcane

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