prepare a web chart of different rulers of Mamluk dynasty along with one achievement of each ruler
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From Slaves to Rulers
Imagine yourself starting out your life as a free person, living with your family and community, and then you are taken captive and made into a slave. You are then forced to be a soldier in the army of the very people who took you away from everyone and everything you have ever known. Such was the fate of those who became known as the Mamluks.
Mamluk was a name given to military slaves, many of whom were of Turkic descent, and skilled at horse riding and archery prior to enslavement by Muslim armies. These skills were valued by their Muslim captors, who after converting the slaves to Islam, trained them to be soldiers. The Mamluks, however, would not be content to remain slaves forever. They rebelled, and in 1250 CE, rose to rule their own sultanate, the Mamluk Dynasty.
History of the Mamluk Dynasty
The Mamluk Dynasty was founded circa 1250 CE in Egypt and was ruled out of Cairo. The dynasty can be divided into two periods. The Bahri Sultans ruled the first period, Turkic Mamluks, and it lasted from 1250 CE to 1381 CE. The second period was ruled by Burgi Sultans who were primarily Circassian Mamluks, who originally inhabited the region of the Caucasus Mountains. The Mamluk Dynasty was at its height during the first period.
The Mamluk Dynasty succeeded the Ayyubid Dynasty which was founded by one of the most famous Islamic leaders in world history, Salah ad-Din, also spelled Saladin. The Mamluks forcibly wrested power from the Ayyubid's in Egypt and eventually claimed other lands that had once been ruled by the Ayyubids, including Syria. The Mamluk Dynasty would go on to have quite an impact on the region for the next three-hundred-years. Let us explore how these fierce warriors not only ruled Egypt and surrounding regions but also protected these lands from outside threats.
Mamluks and Crusaders
The Mamluk Dynasty fought in many battles against the Crusaders and was instrumental in ending the Crusades. Bahri Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil successfully took Acre away from the Crusaders in 1291 CE. Acre was a strategically important port city on the Mediterranean in what is now northern Israel. It would have been vital for trade, commerce, and transportation and a prize for any army. Once the Mamluks overtook the city it was a massive bloodbath. The last to hold out against the Mamluk's were the Knights Templar, but their corner of the city which held their headquarters for over a century eventually fell to the Mamluks.
After the fall of the city, many of the Knights Templar were executed, however, some managed to escape and were able to re-position their headquarters on Arwad Island. In 1303 CE, the Mamluk Dynasty would once again defeat the Templar's in the Siege of Arwad and this signified the end of the Crusades. With the island lost, the Crusaders lost their last foothold within the Holy Land and Christianity's military presence all but vanished as a result of this defeat.