Question

prepare detailed information with pictures about the the development by British in administration, education, transport and communication in India
if u ans in five min so I will mark as brainlist

Answer 1

If we start noting the pros and cons of British rule over India, the negatives column would definitely outgrow the positives. However, the infrastructure development, especially the railways, will certainly be one positive if not all. Ironically, as was with all colonial moves, the idea of railways again gained momentum to strengthen the British monopoly which was already on a high. Evidently,  between 1860 and 1940, total railways route miles increased from 838 to 41,852.
The state of infrastructure during the pre-British India was very poor. The transportation and communication lines were below average. In fact, most of the villages lacked connectivity by pucca roads. Consequently, natural dusty tracks were the roads predominant in India. However, such roads spelt misery during monsoons as they became muddy and difficult to traverse.

Additionally, during natural calamities, these roads became unfunctional as a result of which various areas became inaccessible and were cut-off. Animal-drawn carriages were the most common mode of transport. This meant it would generally take a lot of days to travel to other places. Hence the movement of passengers and freights was very inefficient and slow.

Water transport was not very popular except in some parts of North India where rivers were navigable. In a nutshell, the pre-colonial state of infrastructure in India was far below satisfactory and the Britishers were responsible for most of our infrastructure development.

Answer 2

Answer:

Good metalled roads were constructed in cities and some villages to ease transportation. Thus, four types of roads were built: 1. National Highway 2. State or Provincial Highway 3. Major districts road 4. And Village Roads • Water Transport, introduced by the British in the 1800s, it helped in trade and other errands

Explanation:

• India had outdated transportation systems up to the middle of the 19th century. They could only travel by packhorse, camel, and bullock carriage. The British rulers quickly saw the importance of a low-cost, simple system of transportation if British goods were to be imported into India on a massive scale and her raw materials secured for British industry. The British emperors began constructing better roads and introducing steamships to the rivers. From Calcutta to Delhi, construction of the Grand Trunk Road started in 1839 and was finished in the 1850s. Additionally, efforts were undertaken to connect the country's key markets, ports, and cities with road.
• construction of a railroad
• In 1814, England installed the first locomotive that George Stephenson had created. During the 1830s and 1840s, railroad development was extremely fast. In Madras in 1831, the first proposal to construct a railway in India was made. However, this railway required horses to pull the waggons. The idea to build steam-powered railroads in India was initially put up in 1834 in England. It had fervent political backing from England's railroad developers, financiers, commercial businesses doing business with India, and textile producers.
• The Government of India agreed that private corporations would build and run the Indian railroads, with a minimum 5% return on investments guaranteed by the government.
• Lord Dalhousie, who was appointed Governor-General of India in 1849, was a fierce supporter of building railroads quickly.
• Dalhousie suggested a network of four primary trunk lines that would interconnect the various regions of the country and connect the interior to the major ports.
• More than 4,000 miles of railroads had been constructed by the guaranteed firms by the end of 1869, but this method proved to be highly expensive and sluggish, so the Indian government opted to establish additional railways as state-owned corporations. However, businesses in Britain and authorities in India were still dissatisfied with the slowness of the railway expansion. Following 1880, railroads were constructed by both state-run organisations and private businesses.
• Telegraph and Postal Systems
• The telegraph was also invented by the British, who also developed an effective and contemporary postal system.
• In 1853, the first telegraph connection between Calcutta and Agra was established.
• Stamps were first issued by Lord Dalhousie. When a letter was mailed in the past, monetary payment was required. Additionally, he reduced mail prices and charged a standard fee.