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Rabindranath Tagore, Bengali Rabīndranāth Ṭhākur, (born May 7, 1861, Calcutta [now Kolkata], India—died August 7, 1941, Calcutta), Bengali poet, short-story writer, song composer, playwright, essayist, and painter who introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, ...
Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/rəˈbɪndrənɑːt tæˈɡɔːr/ (About this soundlisten); born Robindronath Thakur, 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941; sobriquet Gurudev, Kobiguru, Biswakobi)[a] was a Bengali poet, writer, composer, philosopher and painter.[2] He reshaped Bengali literature and music, as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse" of Gitanjali,[3] he became in 1913 the first non-European as well as the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.[4] Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal.[5] He is sometimes referred to as "the Bard of Bengal".[6]
Rabindranath Tagore
Late-middle-aged bearded man in grey robes sitting on a chair looks to the right with serene composure.
Tagore c. 1925
Born
Robindronath Thakur
7 May 1861
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Kolkata, West Bengal, India)
Died
7 August 1941 (aged 80)
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Kolkata, West Bengal, India)
Resting place
Ashes scattered in the Ganges
Occupation
Poetwritercomposerpainter
Language
Bengali
Nationality
British Indian
Period
Bengali Renaissance
Literary movement
Contextual Modernism
Notable works
GitanjaliGhare-BaireGoraJana Gana ManaRabindra SangeetAmar Shonar Bangla(other works)
Notable awards
Nobel Prize in Literature
1913
Spouse
Mrinalini Devi
(m. 1883; wid. 1902)
Children
5, including Rathindranath Tagore
Relatives
Tagore family
Signature
Close-up on a Bengali word handwritten with angular, jaunty letters.
Locations of places associated with Rabindranath TagoreSantiniketanSantiniketanShilaidahaShilaidahaPatisharPatisharShahzadpurShahzadpurJorasanko, KolkataJorasanko, KolkataDakkhindihiDakkhindihi
Locations of places associated with Rabindranath Tagore
A Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Burdwan district[7] and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old.[8] At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics.[9] By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist, universalist, internationalist, and ardent anti-nationalist,[10] he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.[11][12]
Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla". The Sri Lankan national anthem was inspired by his work.[13]