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Presentation on theme: "Primate and Human evolution"— Presentation transcript:
1 Primate and Human evolution
Chapter 16
2 I. Primate Origins
A. Primate –a group of mammals that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes and humans.
B. Primates all have the following characteristics:
1. Opposable Thumbs
a) for holding and grasping
2. Binocular Vision (2 eyes in front of head)
a) Allows for depth perception
3. Large brain volume
4. Flexible arm joints (shoulders and elbows)
5. Feet that can grasp things
3 Various Primates
4 Lemur
5 Chimpanzee
6 I. Primate Evolution
C. Similarities among the groups of primates suggest that they share an evolutionary history
1. Similarities include
a) Fossil evidence
b) Anatomical
c) Genetic
d) Biochemical (DNA)
D. Humans did not evolve from monkeys, but they do share ancestors.
7 I. Primate Evolution E. Classes of Primates
1. Strepsirrhines-small, large eyed, nocturnal primates
a) non-human like
b) date back to 50 mya
c) includes lemurs, lorises, pottos, galagos
2. Haplorhines-primates with larger brains and more upright posture than strepsirrhines
a) Consists of tarsiers and anthropoids
8 II. Anthropoid Evolution
Anthropoids – Human like primates
1. Includes old world monkeys, new world monkeys, and homonoids
New world monkeys
1) Prehensile (grasping) tail – acts as a 5th limb for gripping and climbing
2) Spider monkeys and marmosets
b) Old world monkeys
1) No prehensile tail
2) Colobus monkeys and baboons
9 worldwide distribution of the monkeys
10 II. Anthropoid Evolution
c) Hominoids
1) Even more human-like, walked upright on two legs
2) Evolved 5-8 mya
3) Includes apes and humans
a) Apes include chimps, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons and bonobos
11 PRIMATES
13 III. Hominid Evolution
Anthropologists suggest that the evolution of ancestral hominids occurred in response to environmental changes that forced some ancestral apes to leave their treetop environments and move to the ground in search of food.
14 III. Hominid Evolution
B. Other human traits that separate them from the apes and monkeys:
Larger brain
Bipedal
3. Bowl shaped pelvis for birthing young with larger brains
4. Curved spine (able to be more upright)
16 III. Hominid Evolution
C. Incomplete fossil finds of early human skulls, in Africa, shows that early humans evolved only million years ago.
1. Australopithecines – Early hominid (“southern apes from africa”)
a) Possessed both apelike and human like characteristics
b) Named her “Lucy”
19 III. Homonid Evolution D. Then came Homo habilis (“handy man”)
1. Large brains and the ability to use tools
2. Evolved around 1.5 and 2 mya
Then came Homo erectus (“upright man”)
larger brain and more human like brain
a) Fossils evidence indicates this group used fire, tools and lived in caves
b) Spread through Africa, Asia and into Europe before going extinct – years ago
22 Then cam Homo sapiens
1. Evolved about – years ago in Africa, the Middle East and Asia
2. Resemble homo erectus but have a much larger brain case (skull)
G. Neanderthals lived in Europe, Asia and the Middle East from – years ago
1. Skilled hunters, spoke a language and had religious views
2. Thick, heavy bones
24 III. Homonid Evolution
H. Cro-Magnons - A more modern type of homo sapiens spread through Europe between and years ago
1. Identical to modern humans in many aspects
2. Did not evolve from neanderthals
3. Neanderthals were a side branch of homo sapiens
25 III. Homonid Evolution
4. Fossil evidence suggests that Humans have not changed anatomicaly for the last years
26 The End
1 Primate and Human evolution
Chapter 16
2 I. Primate Origins
A. Primate –a group of mammals that includes lemurs, monkeys, apes and humans.
B. Primates all have the following characteristics:
1. Opposable Thumbs
a) for holding and grasping
2. Binocular Vision (2 eyes in front of head)
a) Allows for depth perception
3. Large brain volume
4. Flexible arm joints (shoulders and elbows)
5. Feet that can grasp things
3 Various Primates
4 Lemur
5 Chimpanzee
6 I. Primate Evolution
C. Similarities among the groups of primates suggest that they share an evolutionary history
1. Similarities include
a) Fossil evidence
b) Anatomical
c) Genetic
d) Biochemical (DNA)
D. Humans did not evolve from monkeys, but they do share ancestors.
7 I. Primate Evolution E. Classes of Primates
1. Strepsirrhines-small, large eyed, nocturnal primates
a) non-human like
b) date back to 50 mya
c) includes lemurs, lorises, pottos, galagos
2. Haplorhines-primates with larger brains and more upright posture than strepsirrhines
a) Consists of tarsiers and anthropoids
8 II. Anthropoid Evolution
Anthropoids – Human like primates
1. Includes old world monkeys, new world monkeys, and homonoids
New world monkeys
1) Prehensile (grasping) tail – acts as a 5th limb for gripping and climbing
2) Spider monkeys and marmosets
b) Old world monkeys
1) No prehensile tail
2) Colobus monkeys and baboons
9 worldwide distribution of the monkeys
10 II. Anthropoid Evolution
c) Hominoids
1) Even more human-like, walked upright on two legs
2) Evolved 5-8 mya
3) Includes apes and humans
a) Apes include chimps, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons and bonobos
11 PRIMATES
13 III. Hominid Evolution
Anthropologists suggest that the evolution of ancestral hominids occurred in response to environmental changes that forced some ancestral apes to leave their treetop environments and move to the ground in search of food.
14 III. Hominid Evolution
B. Other human traits that separate them from the apes and monkeys:
Larger brain
Bipedal
3. Bowl shaped pelvis for birthing young with larger brains
4. Curved spine (able to be more upright)
16 III. Hominid Evolution
C. Incomplete fossil finds of early human skulls, in Africa, shows that early humans evolved only million years ago.
1. Australopithecines – Early hominid (“southern apes from africa”)
a) Possessed both apelike and human like characteristics
b) Named her “Lucy”
19 III. Homonid Evolution D. Then came Homo habilis (“handy man”)
1. Large brains and the ability to use tools
2. Evolved around 1.5 and 2 mya
Then came Homo erectus (“upright man”)
larger brain and more human like brain
a) Fossils evidence indicates this group used fire, tools and lived in caves
b) Spread through Africa, Asia and into Europe before going extinct – years ago
22 Then cam Homo sapiens
1. Evolved about – years ago in Africa, the Middle East and Asia
2. Resemble homo erectus but have a much larger brain case (skull)
G. Neanderthals lived in Europe, Asia and the Middle East from – years ago
1. Skilled hunters, spoke a language and had religious views
2. Thick, heavy bones
24 III. Homonid Evolution
H. Cro-Magnons - A more modern type of homo sapiens spread through Europe between and years ago
1. Identical to modern humans in many aspects
2. Did not evolve from neanderthals
3. Neanderthals were a side branch of homo sapiens
25 III. Homonid Evolution
4. Fossil evidence suggests that Humans have not changed anatomicaly for the last years
26 The End
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