Presidency cities built by the British in culatta information
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The administration of British India was divided into three Presidencies: Bengal, Bombay and Madras. These had developed from the East India Company’s* factory bases and existed, in various forms, between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:
During 1612–1757, the East India Company set up “factories” (trading posts) in several locations, mostly in coastal India, with the consent of the Moghul emperors or local rulers. Its rivals were the merchant trading companies of Holland and France. By the mid-18th century, three “Presidency towns”: Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta had grown in size.
During the period of Company rule in India, 1757–1858, the Company gradually acquired sovereignty over large parts of India, now called “Presidencies.” However, it also increasingly came under British government oversight, in effect sharing sovereignty with the Crown. At the same time it gradually lost its mercantile privileges.
Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Company’s remaining powers were transferred to the Crown. In the new British Raj (1858–1947), sovereignty extended to a few new regions, such as Upper Burma.