Question

principle involved in simple distillation

Answer 1

Distillation is a method of separating the constituents of mixture (either a liquid or q gaseous one). It is a physical process and not a chemical reaction using the different boiling temperatures of the constituents to separate them from the others. In the rhum agricole context, we are dealing with alcoholic distillation, a way of separation alcohol from water. Alcohol can be segregated from water thanks to the different boiling temperatures (78,4°C/173°F for ethanol and 100°C/212°F for water). Alcoholic vapours are first to get out of the heated solution. Cooling those vapours creates a solution more concentrated in alcohol than the first one.
Since the solution to be distilled contains other constituents than ethanol and water, the distilled liquid contains some of these too. Some constituents are undesirable (i.e. methanol) others are highly sought as aromatic components which gives rhum its distinctive perfume. Those aromatic components are specific to the way the rhum was produced (fermentation, distillation, ...).

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Answer 2

The distillation process is based on the principle of the evaporation of the liquid component from a soluble solid-liquid mixture.

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