Question

Principle of ionization enthalpy​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Ionization Enthalpy of elements is the amount of energy that an isolated gaseous atom requires to lose an electron in its ground state. Losing of electrons results in the formation of cations.

The first ionization energy of element A is the energy required by an atom to form A+ ions. The unit of ionization energy is given as KJ mol-1.

A (g) → A+ (g) + e–

In the same way, the second ionization energy is nothing but the energy that you need to remove the second electron from its valence shell. It is explained by the equation given below:

A+ (g) → A2+ (g) + e–

You need to provide a specific amount of energy to remove an electron from an atom. Hence, the ionization enthalpies of chemical elements are always positive. The second most outer electron will be more attracted to the nucleus than the first outer electron. Therefore, the second ionization energy will always be more than the first ionization energy. In the same way, third ionization enthalpy will be greater than the second one.