Question

Process of control n codination in animals

Answer 1

 Control and coordination in animals. When learning about the control and coordination in animals and humans, we have to take a look at the nervous system and the hormonal system and understand their respective functions. Neurons form the basis of the functional as well as the structural unit of the nervous system.

Answer 2

The nervous system

ANSWER ✔✔

⚫Nervous system

Neurons form the basis of the functional as well as the structural unit of the nervous system. The main job of these neurons is to receive the external stimuli and then send it to the brain, so that the brain in turn can read those signals and direct them to the necessary parts of the body to take proper action. For example, when you touch something really hot, then the neurons will transmit this message to the brain that you are touching something really hot and the brain will then send a message back to the hands through the neurons, due to which you will immediately move your hand from there. This transfer of messages takes place through electrical impulses which move throughout the body through nerve fibres.

These are nerve ending tips that are specialised for receiving the outside stimuli and is present in our sense organs. The moment these dendrites receive a stimuli a chemical reaction gets sparked off due to which electrical impulses are generated which in turn moves from the dendrite to the nucleus then to the axon and then finally to the nerve endings. There is a gap present in between two nerve cells which is known as synapse. From the nerve endings of one neurone, the synapse takes in the message and then transmits it to the consecutive neuron and thus through a chain action, these electrical impulses are carried from one part of the body to another to reach the brain.

⚫The central nervous system

Any understanding of the control and coordination will be incomplete without the understanding of the CNS or the Central Nervous System. The brain and the spinal chord together form the CNS. All the electrical impulses are interpreted in the brain which then prompts actions. The human brain is divided mainly into three parts, depending on the type of function they perform. While the forebrain is concerned with activities like thinking, the hindbrain and the midbrain take care of the basic involuntary actions (actions which we do involuntarily). The hindbrain is in turn divided into the medulla and the cerebellum. When you cough or sneeze or the beating of your heart etc is controlled by the medulla. The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining balance and the proper functioning of the muscles.

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