Question

Process of manufacturing of steel

Answer 1

Steelmaking is the process for producing steel from iron ore and scrap. In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel.
The Modern Steel Manufacturing Process

1. Ironmaking: In the first step, the raw inputs iron ore, coke, and lime are melted in a blast furnace.

The resulting molten iron, also referred to as 'hot metal,' still contains 4-4.5% carbon and other impurities that make it brittle.

2. Primary Steelmaking: There are two primary steelmaking methods: BOS (Basic Oxygen Furnace) and the more modern EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) methods. BOS methods add recycled scrap steel to the molten iron in a converter.

At high temperatures, oxygen is blown through the metal, which reduces the carbon content to between 0-1.5%. EAF methods, however,  feed recycled steel scrap through use high power electric arcs (temperatures up to 1650 °C) to melt the metal and convert it to high-quality steel.

3. Secondary Steelmaking: Secondary steelmaking involves treating the molten steel produced from both BOS and EAF routes to adjust the steel composition. This is done by adding or removing certain elements and/or manipulating the temperature and production environment.Depending on the types of steel required, the following secondary steelmaking processes can be used:

stirringladle furnaceladle injectiondegassingCAS-OB (Composition Adjustment by Sealed argon bubbling with Oxygen Blowing).

4. Continuous Casting: In this step, the molten steel is cast into a cooled mold causing a thin steel shell to solidify. The shell strand is withdrawn using guided rolls and fully cooled and solidified. The strand is cut into desired lengths depending on application; slabs for flat products (plate and strip), blooms for sections (beams), billets for long products (wires) or thin strips.

5. Primary Forming: The steel that is cast is then formed into various shapes, often by hot rolling, a process that eliminates cast defects and achieves the required shape and surface quality.

Hot rolled products are divided into flat products, long products, seamless tubes, and specialty products.

6. Manufacturing, Fabrication, and Finishing: Finally, secondary forming techniques give the steel its final shape and properties. These techniques include:

shaping (e.g. cold rolling)machining (e.g. drilling)joining (e.g. welding)coating (e.g. galvanizing)heat treatment (e.g. tempering)surface treatment   (e.g. carburizing)



HOPE YOU GET DETAILED ANS
Mark brainliest

Answer 2

steel is an aloy which is a good conductor of heat
Electric arc furnace steelmaking is the manufacture of steel from scrap or direct reduced iron melted by electric arcs. In an electric arc furnace, a batch of steel ("heat") may be started by loading scrap or direct reduced iron into the furnace, sometimes with a "hot heel" (molten steel from a previous heat).