Question

Procrastination is the act of delaying or putting off tasks until the last minute, or past their deadline. William James (often referred to as to the ‘Father of American Psychology’) stated that ‘nothing is so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task’.

Researchers have found that procrastination is associated with low self-esteem, irrational beliefs, a fear of failure, depression and poor study habits. Students who are not confident in their academic abilities are most likely to procrastinate, followed by those with low levels of self-regulation.

Some researchers classify procrastination in two main types: passive and active procrastinators. Passive procrastinators delay the task because they have trouble making decisions and acting on them. Active procrastinators delay the task purposefully because working under pressure allows them to "feel challenged and motivated"

Procrastinators usually delay starting the ‘right’ things. To combat this, Professor Richard Wiseman talks about The Zierganick effect, which describes how once you start something, your brain remains alert until you finish it. Starting a task is often the hardest part. If you can persuade someone just to start it for a few minutes, the brain's desire to see it through to completion should then take over.

Our daily biological clocks, known as our Circadian Rhythm, ensure that we are often at our most alert at about 10am before we suffer a mid-afternoon dip. The harder the tasks are, the more energy and concentration we need to complete them. It therefore makes sense to do the hardest and most important tasks first because trying to start them when you are tired is difficult, often resulting in people putting them off for another day.

If you can see temptations, you are more likely to be distracted by them, and therefore procrastinate. For example, a recent study found that having your phone out and in sight, even if you are not using it, can make you perform 20% worse than if you had put your phone away.

1) . Write a suitable title for the given passage. (2)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) How do passive and active procrastinators differ from each other? In which category do you think you as a student fall? Give the reason. (2)

___________________________________________________________________________

3) How does The Zierganick effect help a student to complete his assignments? (2) __________________________________________________ _________________________

4) What do you think he meant, when William James stated, ‘nothing is so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task’? Write your answer in your own words. (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5) How can mere presence of a cell phone flourish procrastination? (2)

___________________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

Answer:

Uppalapati Venkata Suryanarayana Prabhas Raju (born 23 October 1979), known mononymously as Prabhas, is an Indian film actor. One of the highest-paid actors of Telugu cinema, Prabhas has featured in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list three times since 2015[4][5][6] based on his income and popularity. He is the first South Indian actor to receive a wax sculpture at Madame Tussaud's wax museum.[7]

Explanation: