Project on factors affecting solubility...
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Take some sand and try to dissolve it in a cup of water. What happens? The sand will not dissolve; in other words, it is insoluble. Insoluble means that the substance does not dissolve. If you were to take a teaspoon of table salt or sugar and conduct the same experiment, the result would be different. Salt and sugar are both soluble in water. When a substance is soluble, it means that the substance has the ability to dissolve in another substance.
Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. There are two direct factors that affect solubility: temperature and pressure. Temperature affects the solubility of both solids and gases, but pressure only affects the solubility of gases. Surface area does not affect how much of a solute will be dissolved, but it is a factor in how quickly or slowly the substance will dissolve. In this section, we will explore all three of these factors and how they affect the solubility of solids and gases.
The Effect of Temperature on Solubility
Temperature has a direct effect on solubility. For the majority of ionic solids, increasing the temperature increases how quickly the solution can be made. As the temperature increases, the particles of the solid move faster, which increases the chances that they will interact with more of the solvent particles. This results in increasing the rate at which a solution occurs.
Temperature can also increase the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent. Generally speaking, as the temperature is increased, more solute particles will be dissolved. For instance, when you add table sugar to water, a solution is quite easily made. When you heat that solution and keep adding sugar, you find that large amounts of sugar can be added as the temperature keeps rising. The reason this occurs is because as the temperature increases, the intermolecular forces can be more easily broken, allowing more of the solute particles to be attracted to the solvent particles. There are other examples, though, where increasing the temperature has very little effect on how much solute can be dissolved. Table salt is a good example: you can dissolve just about the same amount of table salt in ice water as you can in boiling water.
Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. There are two direct factors that affect solubility: temperature and pressure. Temperature affects the solubility of both solids and gases, but pressure only affects the solubility of gases. Surface area does not affect how much of a solute will be dissolved, but it is a factor in how quickly or slowly the substance will dissolve. In this section, we will explore all three of these factors and how they affect the solubility of solids and gases.
The Effect of Temperature on Solubility
Temperature has a direct effect on solubility. For the majority of ionic solids, increasing the temperature increases how quickly the solution can be made. As the temperature increases, the particles of the solid move faster, which increases the chances that they will interact with more of the solvent particles. This results in increasing the rate at which a solution occurs.
Temperature can also increase the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent. Generally speaking, as the temperature is increased, more solute particles will be dissolved. For instance, when you add table sugar to water, a solution is quite easily made. When you heat that solution and keep adding sugar, you find that large amounts of sugar can be added as the temperature keeps rising. The reason this occurs is because as the temperature increases, the intermolecular forces can be more easily broken, allowing more of the solute particles to be attracted to the solvent particles. There are other examples, though, where increasing the temperature has very little effect on how much solute can be dissolved. Table salt is a good example: you can dissolve just about the same amount of table salt in ice water as you can in boiling water.
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