English, asked by arav3552, 10 months ago

project work


1)what is incinerator???

2)Types of incinerato

3) application


4) Conclusion


please give answer in detail I am giving u 50 points
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Answers

Answered by nawabzadi23
0

Answer:

1.Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.

2.The following are types of incinerators:

ROTARY KILN.

FLUIDIZED BED.

LIQUID INJECTION.

MULTIPLE HEARTH.

CATALYTIC COMBUSTION.

WASTE-GAS FLARE.

DIRECT-FLAME

3.Particulate emissions from incineration plant primarily consist of entrained fine ash in the flue gas, with variable amounts of organic and inorganic substances depending on the specific incineration process and reaction balance. Particulate emissions to air from incineration processes are typically reduced to as low as <0.05mg/m3 to 15mg/m3, by means of high performance bag filters alone, or often bag filters in combination with electrostatic precipitators, wet scrubbers and occasionally cyclone filters. Incineration processes often use ‘pre-dedusting’ plant upstream of the main flue gas treatment process, which allows collection of recyclable material in some cases, and reduces the quantity or toxicity of Flue Gas Treatment (FGT) residues in others while reducing load on downstream FGT.

4.Incinerators occupy the penultimate position in the waste management hierarchy. First, you should reduce; if that's not possible then you should reuse; and if you can't reuse it either, you should recycle it; and if nothing else can be done, then yes, send it to for incineration

description of types of incinerator:

1.A primary chamber, where the waste is heated and volatilized, and

• A secondary chamber, where combustion of the volatile fraction is completed.

The primary chamber consists of a slightly inclined, rotating kiln in which waste materials migrate from the feed end to the ash discharge end.

The waste throughput rate is controlled by adjusting the rate of kiln rotation and the angle of inclination.

2. A sufficient quantity of air blows up from under a sand bed, violently agitating the sand and causing it to behave like a fluid. Internally circulating function, originally developed by Ebara, is added to this fluidized-bed technology for making it possible to incinerate various types of wastes efficiently.

3.Liquid Injection Incinerator. ... Commonly used system that relies on high pressure to prepare liquid wastes for incineration by breaking them up into tiny droplets to allow easier combustion

4.A multiple hearth incinerator also known as a vertical calciner, is used for continuous preparation and calcining of materials. The multiple hearth furnace consists of several circular hearths or kilns superimposed on each other. ... The hearth at the top of the roaster dries and heats the charge.

5.Catalytic incinerators are used to destroy gaseous pollutants such as VOCs. Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions without being changed by the reaction themselves. A catalytic incinerator permits the incineration reactions to occur more quickly and at reduced temperatures.

6.Incinerators are used at most sour gas processing plants and some other facilities where natural gas or hydrogen sulphide must be disposed of routinely. Incinerators are more costly to install than flare stacks, and they require more frequent maintenance and monitoring to ensure they are operating properly.

7.The heart of the thermal incinerator is a nozzle-stabilized flame maintained by a combination of auxiliary fuel, waste gas compounds, and supplemental air added when necessary. Upon passing through the flame, the waste gas is heated from its preheated inlet temperature to its ignition temperature..

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Answered by nilesh102
0

hi mate,

Answer :Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.

Incinerators. An incinerator is generally defined as any furnace used in the process of burning solid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter. Emissions of concern include particulates and potentially harmful pollutants depending on what is being burned

The following are types of incinerators:

ROTARY KILN.

FLUIDIZED BED.

LIQUID INJECTION.

MULTIPLE HEARTH.

CATALYTIC COMBUSTION.

WASTE-GAS FLARE.

DIRECT-FLAME.

Dry ESPs are widely used today in municipal solid-waste incineration facilities and on cement kilns and coal-fired boilers that burn hazardous waste.

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials.[1] Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.

Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. While incineration and gasification technologies are similar in principle, the energy produced from incineration is high-temperature heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from gasification. Incineration and gasification may also be implemented without energy and materials recovery.

In several countries, there are still concerns from experts and local communities about the environmental effect of incinerators (see arguments against incineration).

In some countries, incinerators built just a few decades ago often did not include a materials separation to remove hazardous, bulky or recyclable materials before combustion. These facilities tended to risk the health of the plant workers and the local environment due to inadequate levels of gas cleaning and combustion process control. Most of these facilities did not generate electricity.

Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80%–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95%–96%, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling.

[2] This means that while incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor before delivery to the incinerator. Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed garbage can be reduced by approximately 70%[citation needed] by using a stationary steel compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. In many countries, simpler waste compaction is a common practice for compaction at landfills.

Incineration has particularly strong benefits for the treatment of certain waste types in niche areas such as clinical wastes and certain hazardous wastes where pathogens and toxins can be destroyed by high temperatures. Examples include chemical multi-product plants with diverse toxic or very toxic wastewater streams, which cannot be routed to a conventional wastewater treatment plant.

Waste combustion is particularly popular in countries such as Japan, Singapore and the Netherlands, where land is a scarce resource. Denmark and Sweden have been leaders by using the energy generated from incineration for more than a century, in localised combined heat and power facilities supporting district heating schemes.

[3] In 2005, waste incineration produced 4.8% of the electricity consumption and 13.7% of the total domestic heat consumption in Denmark.

[4] A number of other European countries rely heavily on incineration for handling municipal waste, in particular Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, and France.

i hope it helps you..

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