Proper project on AC generator with proper introduction how it is work how to use all information
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What is AC Generator?
Definition: The AC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of alternative emf. A simple AC generator works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. It has a coil of wire that rotates in a magnetic field.
Working Principle
AC generator working principle is, these are commonly referred to as alternators which work on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. The movement of a conductor in a uniform magnetic field changes the magnetic flux linked with the coil, thus inducing an emf.
The parts of the AC generator consists of a coil, slip rings, brushes, and a strong magnetic field as its main components.
Working of AC Generator
The coil is rotated in the magnetic field to produce a strong magnetic field. As coil on one side moves up through the magnetic field, an emf is induced in one direction. As the rotation of the coil continues and this side of a coil moves down and another side of the coil moves up, an emf is induced in the reverse direction. Fleming’s right-hand rule is used to determine the direction of the induced emf. This process repeats for every cycle and the emf produced is of alternating type.
Construction of AC Generator
The simple AC generator has two main parts – Rotor and Stator. The rotor is a rotating component and the stationary part of a machine is a stator.
Stator
The stator is a stationary component that efficiently holds armature winding. The armature winding purpose is to carry current to the load and the load can be any external equipment that consumes electrical power. It consists of three main parts:
Stator Frame – It is an outer frame that is used to hold stator core as well as armature windings.
Stator Core – It is laminated with steel or iron to reduce eddy current losses. Slots are made on the interior part of a core to hold armature windings.
Armature Windings – Armature windings are wound on the slots of armature core.
Rotor
The rotor is a rotating part of an AC generator. It consists of magnetic field windings. DC supply is used to magnetize magnetic poles. Each end of magnetic field windings is attached to slip rings. This combination is connected to a common shaft on which the rotor rotates. The two types of the rotor are salient pole rotor and cylindrical pole rotor.
Salient Pole Rotor
The salient pole rotor type is shown in the figure below. In this type of rotor, the number of poles gets projected, known as salient poles with their bases pinned to the rotor can be observed. They are used in low and medium speed applications.
Cylindrical Pole Rotor
Cylindrical type rotors consist of an unruffled and robust cylinder with slots arranged on the outer surface of a cylinder. It is used in high-speed applications.
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From flipping a switch to heating a snack in the microwave, electricity is everywhere. Now that you thought about it, you might wonder how this essential energy source is generated and how it arrives at your doorstep. Electricity is produced in power stations using turbines and generators. A turbine converts available energy into the rotation while generators convert rotation into electricity. In this article, we will be discussing generators, particularly AC generators, in detail.
What is a Generator?
A generator is a machine that converts available mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Based on the output obtained, we classify generators as:
AC Generators
DC Generators
In the next section, let us learn more about AC Generators.
AC Generators or Alternators
AC generator, also known as alternators, is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is in the form of an alternating current sinusoidal output waveform. The mechanical energy is usually supplied by steam turbines, gas turbines and combustion engines.
AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction which states that electromotive force -EMF or voltage – is generated in a current-carrying conductor that cuts a uniform magnetic field. This can either be achieved by rotating a conducting coil in a static magnetic field, or by rotating the magnetic field that contains the stationary conductor. The preferred arrangement is to keep the coil stationary because it is easier to draw induced alternating current from a stationary armature coil than a rotating coil.
The generated EMF depends on the number of armature coil turns, magnetic field strength, and the speed of the rotating field.
Parts of an AC Generator
AC Generator
The various components of an AC generator are:
Field
Armature
Prime Mover
Rotor
Stator
Slip Rings
Here, we have stated the purpose of each component:
Field
The field consists of coils of conductors that receive a voltage from the source and produce magnetic flux. The magnetic flux in the field cuts the armature to produce magnetic flux. This voltage is the output voltage of the AC generator.
Armature
The part of an AC generator in which the voltage is produced is known as an armature. This component primarily consists of coils of wire that are large enough to carry the full-load current of the generator.
Prime Mover
The component used to drive the AC generator is known as a prime mover. The prime mover could either be a diesel engine, a steam turbine, or a motor.
Rotor
The rotating component of the generator is known as a rotor. The generator’s prime mover drives the rotor. Based on the type of generator, this component may either be the armature or the field. The rotor will be the armature if the voltage output is generated there; the rotor will be the field if the field excitation is applied there.
Stator
The stator of an AC generator is the stationary part. As the rotor, this component may be the armature or the field, depending on the type of generator. The stator will be the armature if the voltage output is generated there; the stator will be the field if the field excitation is applied there.
Slip Rings
Slip rings are electrical connections that are used to transfer power to and fro from the rotor of an AC generator. They are typically designed to conduct the flow of current from a stationary device to a rotating one.
Working of an AC Generator
When the armature rotates between the poles of the magnet upon an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the flux linkage of the armature changes continuously. Due to this, an emf is induced in the armature. This produces an electric current that flows through the galvanometer and the slip rings and brushes. The galvanometer swings between positive and negative values. This indicates that there is an alternating current flowing through the galvanometer. The direction of the induced current can be identified using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
Advantages of AC Generators
Following are a few advantages of AC generators over DC generators: