Properties and uses of chloe penta amine cobalt chloride
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Preparation of Chloro Penta Amine Cobalt(III) Chloride and Study of Its Influence on the Structural and Some Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Acetate
Nada K. Abbas,1 Majeed Ali Habeeb,2 and Alaa J. Kadham Algidsawi3
1Department of Physics, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Physics, College of Education of Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
3Department of Soil and Water, College of Agriculture, AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
Received 21 September 2014; Revised 24 December 2014; Accepted 27 January 2015
Academic Editor: Önder Pekcan
Copyright © 2015 Nada K. Abbas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Chloro penta amine cobalt(III) cloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 was prepared and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The obtained results indicated the formation of orthorhombic [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 nanoparticles of ≈28.75 nm size. Polymeric films based on polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) doped with chloro penta amine cobalt(III) cloride [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 in different weight percent ratios were prepared using the solvent cast technique. The complexation of the additive with the polymer was confirmed by FTIR and SEM studies. The XRD pattern revealed that the amorphousicity of PVAc polymer matrix increased with raising the [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 content. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, and optical conductivity were studied by using the absorbance and measurements from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer in the spectral range 190–800 nm. This study showed that the optical properties of PVAc were affected by the doping of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 where the absorption increased by leveling up [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 concentration. The nature of electronic transition from valence band to conduction band was determined and the energy band gaps of the composite films samples were estimated by UV-visible spectrum. It was observed that the optical conductivity increased with photon energy and with the increase of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 concentration.
1. Introduction
Polymers can exhibit various mechanical, electrical, and optical properties depending on the synthesis conditions and chemical properties of the backbone [1]. If a polymer is exposed to ultraviolet light, its chemical properties, such as solubility, of the polymer in the exposed area are changed. Photolithography, which is a well-known process in electronics, uses this principle [2].
Polymers are used in an amazing number of applications. More recently, significant developments have occurred in the area of flexible electronic devices based on the useful piezoelectric, semiconducting, optical, and electrooptical properties seen in some polymers [3].
Polymeric materials have special interest because, in combination with suitable metal salts, they give complexes which are useful for the development of advanced high energy electrochemical devices, for example, batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical display devices, and photo electrochemical cells with ease of fabrication into desirable sizes [4]. Also polymers have unique properties such as light weight, high flexibility, and ability to be fabricated at low temperature and low cost [5]. Optical communications, including polymer optical fibers, optical waveguides, and optical connectors due to their ease of process, relatively low cost, and mass production, are compared to silica-based optical materials. They also have potential advantages for applications in optical storage systems, such as high thermal stability, low absorption loss, and the ability of refractive index changing upon exposure to light [6]. The electrical and optical properties of polymers have attracted a great attention in view of their applications in optical devices with remarkable reflection, antireflection, interference, and polarization properties [7].
Commercial vinyl polymers such PVAc (C4H6O2)n are intensively studied because of their broad applications in industry. Polyvinyl acetate is thermoplastic polymer. PVAc-based composites materials were significantly manufactured by resin emulsifier, adhesive, paper, paint, and textile industries owing to high-bond reinforced, film-like, odorless, and nonflammable characteristic and substrate for PVA production [8]. The incorporation of various metallic additives into polymer matrices can produce polymer-matrix composites and improves its properties for specific applications [9].