Question

properties of ALPHA,BETA and GAMMA rays

Answer 1

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Answer:


$\textbf{\underline{Properties of alpha rays}}$:


1). Alpha particles have been identified as helium nuclei ( atoms of helium that have lost two orbital electrons ). Thus alpha particles carry double the positive charge of proton and are four times as heavy.


2). The velocity of the alpha particles ranges from 1 . 4 × 10^ 7 to 2 . 05 × 10^7 m/s depending upon the radioactive substance emitting them.


3). Although alpha particles posses large amount of energy, they are the least penetrating of the three types of rays. This is because, they are massive particles.


4). They are usually great ionsing power. Each alpha particle produces thousands of ions before being absorbed.


5). Alpha particles are deflected by electric and magnetic fields.


6). Alpha particles affect a photographic plate.


7). Alpha particles while passing through metal foils, gets scattered.



$\textbf{\underline{Properties of beta rays}}$:


1). Beta particles have been found to be streams of electrons.


2). The velocity of beta particles ranges 33 % to 99 % of the velocity of light. These are the swiftest material particles known in physics.


3). Beta particles can easily pass through a few millimetre thick aluminium sheets.


4). The range of beta particles in air is several metres.


5). They can produce ionization in gases, but their ionzing power is quite small as compared to the alpha particles.


6). Beta particles are deflected by electric and magnetic fields.


7). They can produce artificial radioactivity.




$\textbf{\underline{Properties of gamma rays}}$:


1). Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves and have velocity equal to that of light.


2). Gamma rays are highly penetrating. They can penetrate through several centimetres thick iron and lead blocks.


3). They have got small ionsing power.


4). They can produce flurorescence in a substance like willemite.


5). They can affect the photographic plate.


6). Gamma rays produce nuclear reactions.


7). In hospitals, hard gamma rays are used in radio therapy.



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