protection of wildlife article
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Introduction to Preservation of Wildlife:
“Wild-life” means non-domesticated animals and uncultivated plants. It refers to magnificent fauna and flora in the jungle. Wild life management is concerned with the protection, propagation, and judicious control of population of rare species of animals and plants in their natural habitats.
During last 2000 years about 106 species of animals and 139 species of birds became extinct due to geographical & climatic changes and also due to human activity. Red Data Book lists about 600 species of animals at the verge of extinction.
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Most wild animals and plants inhabit arboreal areas. Deforestation by human beings leads to a large scale destruction of wild-life.
Importance of Preservation of Wildlife:
Preservation of wild life is important because of following reasons:
1. Scientific value:
Scientific studies of wildlife species are important from academic point of view.
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2. Commercial value:
Man depends on wildlife for many commercial products. The exploitation of wildlife resources has to be done with proper care and management.
3. Ecological value:
Destruction of wildlife may cause ecological imbalance. Protection of every organism is important to habitat preservation.
4. Game Value:
Hunting was a source of recreation and entertainment for Kings in olden days.
5. Asthetic value:
Wildlife is a source of “beauty”. It appeals to human thought spirit and imagination. It is a main attraction to tourists.
6. Ethical Value:
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Man has no moral right to destroy wildlife. All religions preach a healthy respect to animals.
Cause of Wildlife Destruction:
There are two types of destruction of wildlife by man, direct and indirect.
Direct Destruction:
Many species are destroyed by man by hunting and capturing. Man also indiscrimately kill animals for entertainment, flesh, fur, feathers, trophies etc.
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Indirect Destruction:
This is due to deforestation, destruction of natural habitat, spread of deserts, pollution, industrialization, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides etc.
Indian Wild Life:
India has varied climatic and geographical conditions with luxuriant tropical forests. Wildlife is unique by its richness and heterogeneity. Indian wildlife comprise about 350 species (30 families) of mammals, 2100 species (66 families) of birds and plenty of reptiles like lizards, snakes and turtles.
Methods of Preserving Wildlife:
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Following fundamental approaches are made to conserve wild life:
1. Habitate preservation:
This involves protection of wild life by biosphere reserve, protection and improvement of habitat.
2. Species preservation:
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Nature reserves are usually designated in order to give protection to a species of plant or animal which is rare.
3. Breeding in captivity:
Some animals going to be extinct can be preserved by captive breeding.
4. Assemblage protection:
Most commonly an assemblage of species is protected. Delhi Zoo and Bharatpur Bird sanctuary are specially managed for assemblage of migratory birds. These places give maximum cover and food supply for migrating birds and to provide refuge from hunting.
5. Reintroduction:
The animals going to be extinct can be reintroduced to suitable places similar to the original habitat
6. Mass Education:
The common man should be educated the importance of wildlife and significance of its preservation.
The different methods are:
(a) Celebration of wildlife week every year.
(b) Publicity through media & film shows
(c) holding conduct tours, lectures, essay competitions, seminars, symposia etc.
(d) setting up nature clubs in educational institutions.
(e) Publication of life books and journals.
(f) Establishment of Natural history museum.
7. Promulgation of Laws:
Poaching, capturing, killing and hunting wildlife can be prevented by wildlife protection acts.
Sanctuaries and National Parks in India:
These are the areas, declared by statute, for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life for their scientific, educational and recreational value. There exist differences between a sanctuary and a national park. In a sanctuary hunting without permit is prohibited and grazing or movement of cattle is regulated. In a national park hunting and grazing are absolutely prohibited.
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Wildlife
Wildlife traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rainforests, plains, grasslands, and other areas, including the most developed urban areas, all have distinct forms of wildlife.
The goal of environmental education is to create enthusiasm among children for a peaceful coexistence of humans and wildlife. Informing them about the benefits of nature conservation leads to a better understanding of this locally but also globally important issue. The increased awareness in turn could result in a better future. With strengthened personalities, environmental education and career opportunities in the eco-tourism sector we enable children better future prospects. Simultaneously, we support eco-tourism and finally make a step forward towards achieving our vision of promoting species protection.
Through a combination of changing climates, lost habitats, increased poaching, and increased food scarcity, there has been a lot of worrying news about lately concerning the fate of wildlife around the world. The gloom-and-doom reports can often make the situation seem entirely hopeless, however there is much that can be done in order to protect and conserve wildlife on a big and a small scale.
The eco-system is all about relationships between different organisms connected through food webs and food chains. Even if a single wildlife species gets extinct from the eco-system, it may disturb the whole food chain ultimately leading to disastrous results. Consider a simple example of a bee that is vital for growth of certain crops due to their pollen carrying roles. If bees get reduced in numbers, the growth of food crops would definitely lower owing to lack of pollination.
Steps taken by the government to conserve wildlife
The "Indian Wildlife Act" was initiated by the government in 1972 for wildlife protection.
This act banned "hunting and poaching" of animals providing legal protection to wildlife.
Many wildlife sanctuaries was established by central and state governments.
Many national parks are established.
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