Proteins have a variety of functions within a living cell. Describe at least three of the possible functions of proteins, and explain how proteins can be so diverse when there are only a limited number of different amino acids
Answers
-Protein functions are so diverse because of the many unique three-dimensional structures protein polymers form. The functions of proteins are very diverse because there are 20 different chemically distinct amino acids that form long chains, and the amino acids can be in any order. For example, proteins can function as enzymes or hormones.
-The sequence and number of amino acids ultimately determine a protein’s shape, size, and function. A change in any amino acids in the sequence alters the structure and function of a protein.
-Enzymes, which are produced by living cells, are catalysts in biochemical reactions and are usually proteins.
-Hormones are chemical signaling molecules, usually proteins or steroids, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.
-Additionally, structural proteins provide internal and external support to protect and maintain cell shapes
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Proteins are of two types - Structural and
Functional .
1) Functional Proteins function as enzymes to catalyze reactions .
2) Structural Proteins like actin and myosin help in locomotion .
3) Structural Proteins like keratin is useful for hairs on body .
And for the diversity I want to tell you that proteins are made of chain of amino acids which mean after every amino acid there can be any amino acid present in the chain means at ever point 20 types are possible . Also the length ( no. of amino acid ) of protein is very large ( Insulin smallest functional protein has 51 amino acid ) . It lead to diversity in proteins .
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