Prove that in any parallelogram, the sum of the squares of all sides is equal to the sum of the squares of the diagonals.
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In parallelogram ABCD,
AB = CD, BC = AD Draw perpendiculars from C and D on AB as shown.
In right angled ΔAEC,
AC² = AE² + CE²
[By Pythagoras theorem]
⇒ AC² = (AB + BE)² + CE²
⇒ AC²= AB² + BE2 + 2AB × BE + CE² → (1)
From the figure CD = EF (Since CDFE is a rectangle)
But CD= AB
⇒ AB = CD = EF
Also CE = DF (Distance between two parallel lines)
ΔAFD ≅ ΔBEC (RHS congruence rule)
⇒ AF = BE
Consider right angled ΔDFB
BD² = BF² + DF² [By Pythagoras theorem]
= (EF – BE)² + CE² [Since DF = CE]
= (AB – BE)2 + CE² [Since EF = AB]
⇒ BD² = AB² + BE² – 2AB × BE + CE² → (2)
Add (1) and (2),
we get AC² + BD² = (AB² + BE² + 2AB × BE + CE²)+ (AB² + BE² – 2AB × BE + CE²)
= 2AB² + 2BE² + 2CE² AC² + BD²
= 2AB² + 2(BE² + CE²) → (3)
From right angled ΔBEC,
BC² = BE² + CE² [By Pythagoras theorem]
Hence equation (3) becomes,
AC² + BD² = 2AB² + 2BC²
= AB² + AB² + BC2 + BC²
= AB² + CD² + BC² + AD²
∴ AC² + BD² = AB² + BC² + CD² + AD²