Question

Provide need-based nutrition support to the tb patients

Answer 1

An essential dietary nutrient is a substance that a person needs to consume in order to
live, grow and be healthy. Nutrients are required to regulate body processes and build
and repair tissues and thereby promote health and prevent disease. Macronutrients
(protein, carbohydrate and fat) are generally consumed in large amounts. Carbohydrate
and some fat are converted to energy, while protein and some fat are used to make
structural and functional components of human tissue. Micronutrients (vitamins and
minerals) are consumed in small amounts and are essential for metabolic processes.
Macronutrients and micronutrients work together to contribute to tissue regeneration
and cellular integrity.
Malnutrition is a general term that refers to either overnutrition or undernutrition
or both. Undernutrition refers to a state when the nutritional status of the person is
suboptimal and thereby health and growth may be limited. Undernutrition may be due
to illness that impairs nutrient intake and metabolism, or result from inadequate intake
of macronutrients, micronutrients or both (10, 11, 13, 14).
Undernutrition is commonly associated with illness and infections such as
gastrointestinal disorders and malabsorption, pneumonia, TB and HIV (15). Food
insecurity can be a cause of malnutrition, as can alcohol misuse and illicit drug use (15),
and a number of other conditions. In any case, both the underlying condition associated
with undernutrition and the malnutrition itself warrant evaluation and treatment (15).
The association between TB and undernutrition has long been known. TB makes
undernutrition worse and undernutrition weakens immunity, thereby increasing the
likelihood that latent TB will develop into active disease (10). Most individuals with active
TB are in a catabolic state and experience weight loss (9, 16, 17) and some show signs of
vitamin and mineral deficiencies at diagnosis (18–21). Weight loss among those with TB
can be caused by several factors, including reduced food intake due to loss of appetit