Provide the science behind Tsunamis along with a pictorial presentation
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Answer:
Tsunamis, also known as seismic sea waves, are a series of
enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide,
volcanic eruption, or meteorite. A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open
ocean and smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more.
Tsunami is a Japanese word with the English translation: "harbour wave". In the past, tsunamis
have been referred to as "tidal waves" or "seismic sea waves". The term "tidal wave" is
misleading; even though a tsunami's impact upon a coastline is dependent upon the tidal level
at the time a tsunami strikes, tsunamis are unrelated to the tides. The term "seismic sea wave" is also
misleading. "Seismic" implies an earthquake-related generation mechanism, but a tsunami can
also be caused by a non-seismic event, such as a landslide or meteorite impact.
From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in all directions. Once the
wave approaches the shore, it builds in height. The topography of the coastline and the ocean
floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the succeeding
one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a giant
wave a few miles away.
All tsunamis are potentially dangerous, even though they may not damage every coastline they
strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the U.S. coastline. The most destructive
tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.
Earthquake-induced movement of the ocean floor most often generates tsunamis. If a major
earthquake or landslide occurs close to shore, the first wave in a series could reach the beach in
a few minutes, even before a warning is issued. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25
feet above sea level and within a mile of the shoreline. Drowning is the most common cause of
death associated with a tsunami. Tsunami waves and the receding water are very destructive to
structures in the run-up zone. Other hazards include flooding, contamination of drinking water,
and fires from gas lines or ruptured tanks.
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