Question

Public Participation in eradicating corruption

Answer 1

The fight against corruption cannot be won without citizens’ support, participation and vigilance. The media, civic and business associations, trade unions and other nongovernmental actors play a crucial role in fostering public discussion of corruption and increasing awareness about the negative impacts of corruption. They also screen and scrutinize governmental action – both in their daily life and through formal arrangements institutionalized for this purpose – thereby contributing to the detection and prevention of corruption and the collection and channeling of input from citizens toward the government’s anti-corruption efforts. Two factors determine to what extent nongovernmental actors can contribute their valuable resources to governments’ efforts to combat corruption. On the one hand, the legal framework for civil society to gather and operate creates advantageous circumstances or, in some countries, obstacles and disincentives. On the other hand, a government’s and an administration’s general attitude toward cooperating with nongovernmental actors may be more or less cooperative, open and fruitful. To date, not all countries covered by this report have developed the cooperative and supportive relationship with nongovernmental actors that they have committed themselves to under the Action Plan. Yet, more and more countries acknowledge the important role that nongovernmental actors can play. They are engaged in improving the relevant legal and institutional conditions and have initiated some specific projects of cooperation and dialogue with civic organizations on the issue of corruption.Civil society’s contribution to a country’s fight against corruption can take various forms, from awareness raising and educational programs to active and officially recognized participation in the analysis of existing legislation or institutional procedures. Concerning the latter, civil society can advocate reforms that are perceived to be most crucially needed. In this respect, some governments have actively engaged in cooperation with nongovernmental actors, seeking to make use of the civil societies’ expertise and resources.The second key function of nongovernmental actors in the fight against corruption is education and awareness raising about corruption issues among the general public. This role is being recognized in a growing number of countries, such as Cambodia, Fiji Islands, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore and Vanuatu.The third key role the public plays in the fight against corruption is to monitor and scrutinize actors and hold them accountable. This scrutiny is a powerful means of preventing corruption and a key supplement to legal provisions and institutions. Its two preconditions – free discussion and access to relevant information – are not sufficiently prevalent in some countries, however.A particularly important precondition for enabling citizens to scrutinize public administration, government, political parties and elected politicians is a meaningful right to access information. However, it is only recently that a number of countries have implemented such reforms, oftentimes triggered and supported by civil society actors

Answer 2

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