Public vigilance alone can stop corruption
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India too can become more prosperous by learning from developed economies or from extraordinary anti-corruption reform success stories of countries like Georgia, Rwanda and Liberia which were able to combat corruption in an endemic corrupt society akin to ours. India need not languish at the 80th place on Transparency International’s index; it too can like Georgia, Liberia and Rwanda through the implementation of crucial and swift reforms, script its own success story to emerge as one of the top corruption-free nations in the world. Rwanda, for example, in 2008, was 102 on the CPI list; they attained 89th place in 2009, 66th in 2010 and 49th in 2011. Similarly, CPI in 2003 ranked Georgia 124th, but by 2012, they had obtained a ranking of 51st place.
If corruption levels in India could be decreased to levels in advanced economies such as Singapore or the United Kingdom, India’s GDP growth rate could increase at a considerable rate annually. Corruption imposes high-cost. The World Economic Forum estimates that corruption costs the world at least five per cent of its GDP. Professor Bibek Debroy and Laveesh Bhandari in their book ‘Corruption in India’, claim that public officials in India may be hogging as much as ₹921 billion (US$13 billion), or five per cent of the GDP through corruption. Estimates reveal that corruption can reduce the GDP of a country by as much as 25 per cent, but nations that fight corruption could improve their GDP by 400 per cent. UNODC reports that corruption, bribery, theft and tax evasion causes losses of up to the US$1.26 trillion for developing countries per year. Collection of taxes in strongly governed nations is 4.5 per cent of GDP more than relatively more corrupt ones. Georgia, by reducing corruption, was able to double its tax revenues and increase its GDP by 13 percentage points between 2003 and 2008. Similarly, Rwanda’s reforms to fight corruption bore fruit, and tax revenues increased by six percentage points of GDP in the mid-1990s.
We can measure the cost of corruption not just in the billions of rupees of squandered or stolen government resources, but most poignantly in the absence of the hospitals, schools, clean water, roads and bridges that we could have built with that money inevitably transforming the fortunes offamilies and communities. Bribery tends to diminish the effectiveness of government services due to poor compliance with government regulations. Besides, corrupt countries tend to be more polluted than countries that are strongly governed, and the IMF has documented thatinfant mortality and school dropout rates are high in corrupt nations. CK Prahalad has evaluated that the lost opportunity caused by corruption in terms of investment, growth and jobs for India is over US$50 billion a year.
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