Q.1 Answer the following questions,
1. Why did Gandhiji start Satyagrah in South Africa?
2. Which were the two main features of Satyagrah?
3. Why the Rowlett Act was called the 'Black Act' by Gandhiji?
4. Why did Khilafat Movement start in India?
5. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement?
Answers
1. The first time Gandhi officially used Satyagraha was in South Africa beginning in 1907 when he organised opposition to the Asiatic Registration Law (the Black Act). ... Gandhi advised the Indian community to refuse to submit to this indignity and to court imprisonment by defying the law.
2. (i) The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
(ii) This idea suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without being aggressive, the Satyagrahi could win the battle.
3. Gandhiji called Rowlatt Act as Black Law because it gave power to Britishers over political activities and also gave them the power to arrest anyone on suspicion.
4. The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
5. Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement due to various incidents of violence perpetrated by the masses, especially the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 where the people clashed with the police, setting a police-station on fire.
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