Question

Q 1. Define the following terms: a. Growth b. Metabolism c. Biodiversity d. Nomenclature e. Systematics
f. Species g. Taxonomic hierarchy h. Monograph i. Catalogue j. Phylum k. Class
l. Order m. Genus n. Species o. Family

Answer 1

Answer:Growth: (1) The gradual increase (e.g. in size or number) of an animal or vegetable body over time. (2) The development of an organism, e.g. of a plant from a seed to full maturity.

Metabolism: Metabolism is a term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism.

Biodiversity: Biodiversity is defined as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.”

Nomenclature: Binomial nomenclature, also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.

Systematics: Systematics is the science of naming and classifying organisms in regard to their natural relationships, deals with populations, species and higher taxa.

Species: Species, in biology, classification comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.

Taxonomic hierarchy: Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, who lived during the 18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today. Linnaeus invented binomial nomenclature, the system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name. He also developed a classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Monograph: Monographs typically review all known species within a group, add any newly discovered species, and collect and synthesize available information on the ecological associations, geographic distributions, and morphological variations within the group.

Catalogue: 'Catalogue is a list of books which is arranged on some definite plan.

Phylum: a principal taxonomic category that ranks above class and below kingdom, equivalent to the division in botany.

Class: In biological classification, class (Latin: classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order.

Order: In biological classification, the order (Latin: ordo) is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family.

Genus: A principal taxonomic category that ranks above species and below family, and is denoted by a capitalized Latin name, e.g. Leo.

Family: In chemistry, a family is a group of elements with similar chemical properties. In biology, a family is a taxonomic rank, or a taxon at that rank. Each family contains one or more genera. The next important rank is that of order. Usually, the name of the family ends with a "idae" for animals, and "aceae" for plants. Sometimes there are also subfamilies and superfamilies. Subfamilies end with "inae" or "oideae".  

In Latin, family is "familia". For example, walnuts (genus Juglans) and hickories (genus Carya) both belong to the walnut family (the Juglandaceae).  



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