Q.1). How is the seed dispersal aided?
Q.2). Which are the means of seed dispersal?
Answers
Explanation:
ans 1 Seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules, including both abiotic vectors such as the wind and living (biotic) vectors like birds. Seeds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time. The patterns of seed dispersal are determined in large part by the dispersal mechanism and this has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant populations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water, and by animals. Some plants are serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus.
ans 2 Types of Seed Dispersal
There are different ways in which seed from its parent plant is dispersed. These include:
Seed Dispersal by Wind
The wind is the natural and fundamental means of seed dispersal in the plant kingdom. This process of dispersal is mainly seen in those plants which bear very light seeds. The seeds of the orchid plant, dandelions, swan plants, cottonwood tree, hornbeam, ash, cattail, puya, willow herb, are all examples of plants whose seed are dispersed by the wind.
Seed Dispersal by Water
In this method of seed dispersal, seeds float away from their parent plant. These are mainly seen in those plant which lives in water or nearby the water bodies like beaches, lakes, ponds etc. Coconut, palm, mangroves, waterlily, water mint, are a few examples of plants whose seed are dispersed by the water.
Seed Dispersal by Animal and Birds
There are different ways in which animals and birds disperse the seeds.
Few animals and birds are attracted to bright colourful fruits. They eat the entire fruit and only the juicy part is digested by their system and the seed are excreted out in the form of their dropping, which forms into new plants. Blackberry, cherry, tomato and apple seeds are dispersed in this way.
A few species of squirrels collect nuts from different plants like acorns and bury them under the soil as they store food for the winter season and often forget the place where they have previously buried them and the seeds grow into new trees.
There are few plants which bear seeds with hooks. Burdock plant is an example of this type of plant species. The seed of these plants catch on the fur of animals and are carried away to different places, far from their parent plants.
Dates, rambutan, sea grapes, sea holly, tamarind, raspberry, sunflower, tomatoes are a few examples of plants whose seeds are dispersed by animals and birds.
Seed Dispersal by Gravity
Gravity is a force of attraction that exists among all the objects in the universe.
As the fruits from the tree fall on the ground due to the force of attraction, they sometimes roll down to some smaller distance, get buried in the soil after few days and germinate into a new plant.
In certain cases, fruits which do not have very hard seed coat may crack and open after falling down from a height, which leads to a better dispersion of seeds.
In some cases, the fallen fruit is carried by other agents like water, wind, birds or animal and helps in the dispersion of seeds.
Apples, Commelina, canna, coconuts, calabash, passion fruit are a few examples of plants whose seeds are dispersed by Gravity – A force of attraction.
Seed Dispersal by Explosions
Explosions in fruits literally refer to bursting with all its energy. In this case, as the fruits get ripened, it shoots out its seeds into the external environment. This type of seed dispersal is mainly seen in those plants having pods.
Okra, Lupins, gorse, and broom are a few examples of plants whose seeds are dispersed by Explosions. Pea and bean plants also have pods and the seeds burst out when they ripen and pod has dried.
mark as brainliest please
Answer:
Seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules, including both abiotic vectors such as the wind and living (biotic) vectors like birds. Seeds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time. The patterns of seed dispersal are determined in large part by the dispersal mechanism and this has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant populations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water, and by animals. Some plants are serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus. Dispersal involves the letting go or detachment of a diaspore from the main parent plant.[1]