Q 1. Read the given passage and answer the questions below. (10 Marks)
Procrastination is the act of delaying or putting off tasks until the last minute, or past their
deadline. William James (often referred to as to the ‘Father of American Psychology') stated that
‘nothing is so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task'
Researchers have found that procrastination is associated with low self-esteem, irrational beliefs,
a fear of failure, depression and poor study habits. Students who are not confident in their
academic abilities are most likely to procrastinate, followed by those with low levels of self-
regulation
Some researchers classify procrastination in two main types: passive and active
procrastinators. Passive procrastinators delay the task because they have trouble making
decisions and acting on them. Active procrastinators delay the task purposefully because
working under pressure allows them to "feel challenged and motivated"
Procrastinators usually delay starting the right things. To combat this, Professor Richard
Wiseman talks about The Zierganick effect, which describes how once you start something, your
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