Question

Q-1 Read the passage and answer the questions given: (12) Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of. Many educationalists consider it a weak and woolly field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia. Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in "The Republic" (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers' care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model. Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically,and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates'

emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized

the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among

which he explicitly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical

education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which

he also considered important During the Medieval period, the idea of Perennialism

was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work "De Magistro".

Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting

importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just

facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about

people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was

only much later that a theory of secular perennialism developed. During the

Renaissance, the French skeptic Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of

the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing

to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole

edifice of the educational system, and the implicit assumption that

universityeducated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm

workers, for example.



1. What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?

2. Why do educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and woolly’ field?

3. What do you understand by the term ‘Perennialism’, in the context of the

given comprehension passage?

4. Were Plato’s beliefs about education

5. Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much

emphasis on facts?

6. What do you consider by the term philosophy of Education?​

Answer 1

Answer:

so long question it is..

Answer 2

1.Socrates differed from Aristotle in that Socrates relied heavily on enquiring dialogue for his learning and teaching. Aristotle on the other hand published his works. He also founded institutions of higher learning.

2.Many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and woolly’ field as it is too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful.

3.Perennialism a teacher centered-educational philosophy that focuses on everlasting ideas universal truths. To clarify, parallelism suggest that the focus of education should be the ideas that have lasted for centuries believing the ideas are as relevant and meaningful today as day as when they are written.

4.Plato regards education as a means to achieve justice both individual justice and social justice. According to plato individuals justice can be obtained each individual develops his or her ability to the fullest. In the sense does this means excellence. For the Greeks and Plato excellence is virtue.

5.The third option is correct-facts do change with the changing times, hence, they are not of the utmost importance when aiming for holistic education.

6.A philosophy of education is a statement (or set of statements) that identifies and clarifies the beliefs, values and understandings of an individual or group with respect to education.

Thank you, hope this helps.