Q.1 Read the passage given below: (10 Marks)
1. There is a need to define morality; let man be simply compassionate.”
This sentence expresses the basic essence of morality: the extent to
which it relies on compassion for its definition. For when we think about it, it is that truly human feeling of compassion which is the
basis of morality.
2. Morality rests for its very meaning on the concepts of ‘good’ and
‘bad’ where good refers to all thoughts and deeds that do not aim at
or accomplish any harm or injury or do not involve an attempt to
inflict sufferings on others. Thus, morality is based on man’s ability
to understand, being able to sympathise, feel kindness and sorrow
for and identify himself with the sufferings of his fellowmen. So,
only compassion can give rise to moral thoughts and feelings.
3. Depriving a person of what is his or what must belong to him-what
is called stealing-for selfish ends, taunting or insulting others
through words or actions for the purpose of self-gratification,
violence-expressed verbally or acts of torture, killing etc. contradict
morality as well as inner feeling of compassion and kindness.
4. When we talk of social morality of any kind, what comes into play
is our ability to feel for the well-being of our society. A certain moral
code of conduct is ultimately necessary to ensure that the society
does not fall prey to degeneration of values, which would lead to
rampant sufferings and chaos. It is a concern to help society by
safeguarding it from unwanted ills and malaises and ensuring its
well-being. Society’s concerns are our concerns: anything capable
of causing a detrimental impact on it in the short-term or in the
course of time is ultimately bound to affect us.
5. There is a need to realize that man must continue to feel compassion
for the sake of himself as well as the society. But like any other
human trait, compassion ought to be continually exercised if it is to
remain a dominant force. Unfortunately, in modern society what we
witness is a complete lack of kindness and sympathy between fellow
beings. One can only shake one’s head and say that just like other
cherished values even compassion is getting eroded in the hustle and bustle of the mechanical existence of these times. What remains is
material values that look only towards immediate personal gains and
in the process rid man of whatever ‘humanness’ is left in him.
(i) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, answer the
following questions in 20-30 words. (1×5=5)
a) As per your understanding of the passage, how would you describe
compassion?
b) What according to you would happen if there is a decline of values
in society?
c) What concern does the author raise in the concluding paragraph?
d) What approach could a person take to ensure the well-being of his
society?
e) Based on your understanding of the above passage, what can you
infer about the author’s idea of morality?
(ii) Pick out the word from the above passage which could replace
the highlighted words in the given lines so as the meaning of the
sentence does not change: (1×2=2m)
a) The main idea of the discussion in the meeting was that the project
should be given to the new client.
b) My grandmother does not use a microwave as she believes that the
radiation could be harmful to her health.
(iii) Find out a line from the passage which reflect upon the given
idea /aspect: (1×3=3)
a) An individual has duty towards its society.
b)Compassion is an important aspect of morality.
c) The feeling of compassion is declining nowadays.
Answers
Answer:
a.) The extent to which it relies on compassion for its definition. For when we think about it, it is that truly human feeling of compassion which is the basis of morality.
b.) When we talk of social morality of any kind, what comes into play is our ability to feel for the well-being of our society. A certain moral code of conduct is ultimately necessary to ensure that the society does not fall prey to degeneration of values, which would lead to rampant sufferings and chaos .
c.) What remains is material values that look only towards immediate personal gains and in the process rid man of whatever ‘humanness’ is left in him.
d.) There is a need to realize that man must continue to feel compassion
for the sake of himself as well as the society .
e.) Depriving a person of what is his or what must belong to him-what
is called stealing-for selfish ends, taunting or insulting others through words or actions for the purpose of self-gratification, violence-expressed verbally or acts of torture, killing etc. contradict .
I hope this is the answer which you actually want . And also I wrote the answers whichever I could . Hope this will be helpful .
Answer:
Complete answer is given in the explanation.
Explanation:
(i)On the basis of our understanding of the passage, following are the answers to the questions.
a)Compassion is the feeling of sympathy towards other people that we cannot see them in any kind of pain. Compassion is the basis of morality.
b)If there is a decline of values in society, everyone will become selfish and only look towards their personal gains. Nothing will be done out of sheer kindness or sympathy.
c) In the concluding paragraph, the author raises the issue that. If there is no compassion in this society, all the good values will become extinct and people will only look towards their personal gains and materialistic things.
d) To ensure the well-being of society, a person should continue to feel compassion and continually exercise it to make it a dominant force.
e)The author's idea of morality includes instilling compassion into the people so that they do good deeds that do not cause any harm or injury to others.
(ii) We have to pick out a word from the above passage to replace the highlighted words that give the same meaning.
(As you have not highlighted the words in the question, I'm assuming the highlighted words and giving you the answer on the basis of that.)
a) The main idea of the discussion in the meeting was that the project
should be given to the new client.
The word that can replace it is essence.
b) My grandmother does not use a microwave as she believes that the
radiation could be harmful to her health.
The clause that can replace it is cause a detrimental impact.
(iii) We have to find out lines from the passage which reflect upon the given idea.
a)It is a concern to help society by safeguarding it from unwanted ills and malaises and ensuring its well-being. Society’s concerns are our concerns: anything capable of causing a detrimental impact on it in the short-term or in the course of time is ultimately bound to affect us.
b) This sentence expresses the basic essence of morality: the extent to which it relies on compassion for its definition. For when we think about it, it is that truly human feeling of compassion which is the basis of morality.
c) Unfortunately, in modern society what we witness is a complete lack of kindness and sympathy between fellow beings.