Question

Q.1.What are tectonic plates? Draw diagram of plate boundaries and classify the plate movements.

Q.2. Explain the division of the Himalayan Mountains. (Longitudinal extent and West to East).

Q.3. Differentiate between :-

a) Bhabar and Tarai

b) Bhangar and Khadar

c) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats

d) Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains

e) Andaman Nicobar Island and Lakshadweep Island.

Q.4. Write a short note on “ The Indian Desert”.

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Answer 1

1. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3.3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
2. The Himalayas, the abode to the highest peaks on earth, are incredible mountain system of Asia and a great wall between the Plateau of Tibet to the north and the alluvial plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south. It is divided longitudinally into 5 divisions from west to east.
3. Bhabar region lies along the foot of the Siwaliks from the Indus to the Tista. But Terai belt lies to the south of Bhabhar and run parallel to it. ... Bhabhar comprises of pebble-studded rocks in the shape of porous beds. But Terai is composed of comparatively finer alluvium and is covered by forest.

3 ( ii ) Bhangar is old alluvial soil. Khadar is new alluvial soil. Bhanger soil is found away from the river. ... The soil is dark in colour.

3. ( iii ) .Western Ghats are continuous Chain of hills starting from Tapti valley in the North to Kanyakumari in the South. ... → Eastern Ghats are discontinuous chain of hills from Mahanadi River in north and Vaigai River in the south .

3. ( iv ) The differences between Eastern and Western Coastal Plains are: ... The Eastern Coastal plain lies along the east coast of India and is washed by the Bay of Bengal whereas the Western Coastal Plain lies along the west coast of India and is washed by The Arabian Sea.

3. ( v ) .Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in Bay of bengal and on the other hand lakshdweep is situated in the Arabian sea. ... Andaman and Nicobar islands were formed by volcanic eruptions but lakshdweep islands are made by coral reefs.. 4. Andaman and Nicobar islands consist of 570 islands but lakshdweep only has 11 islands...

4. The Indian desert extends towards the Western edge of the Aravali ranges. It is a moving sandy field embraced with sand knolls. This area experiences below 150 mm per year rainfall, which is very low. The arid climate and moderate vegetation are the two most important features of the Indian desert.