Question

Q.1) What are the function of vacuols ?

Q.2) Write of function (SER) and (RER) ?

Answer 1

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ANSWER ⏬

⏺️ The vocal folds are folds of tissue located in the larynx (voicebox) that have three important functions: To protect the airway from choking on material in the throat. To regulate the flow of air into our lungs. The production of sounds.

⏺️SER or the smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps mainly in the synthesis of lipids .

RER or the rough endoplasmic reticulum helps in the synthesis of proteins.

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Answer 2

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Q1. The functions are:

it maintains turgor pressure within the plant cells.

it acts as a storage organelle.

vacuoles in many cases contain chemicals which would otherwise react with the cytosol.

in plants vacuoles help in maintaining the cytoplasmic pH of the cell.

in certain fungi ( yeast ) vacuoles are involved in osmoregulation, degradative processes and storing amino acids.

in some Cyanobacteria, vacuoles contain gases ( gas vacuoles ) that help in controlling their buoyancy.

in animal cells vacuoles are involved in the containment, transport and disposal of some proteins and lipids to the extra cellular environment of the cell.

Q2: function of SER:SER is an important organelle found in both animal and plant cells, where it performs some specialized functions. The functions of SER can vary to an extent depending on the type of cell. More commonly, it is concerned with carrying out certain metabolic processes.Though Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) does not take part in protein synthesis unlike Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), it plays an important role in protein transportation. It regulates the transportation of proteins by acting as a transitional area for vesicles that transfer proteins to various locations. SER also transports the products of RER to Golgi apparatus and other parts of the cell.

Function of RER:1.. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is formed from RER through loss of ribosomes.

2. It possess ribophorins for holding ribosomes over it.

3. Luminal side of RER possess enzymes for processing polypeptide synthesised by attached ribosome.

4. RER has a large surface area which provides proper space to ribosomes for their activity without interference from others.

5. Secretory, lysosomal and membrane proteins formed by ribosome attached to RER enter its lumen for intracellular and extracellular transport.

6. Zymogens of lysosome enzymes are synthesised by RER.

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