Question

Q.1.What is Political Theory and what is its relevance?राजनीतिक सिद्धान्त क्या है? उसकी प्रासंगिकता बताइए।Q.2.Discuss the relationship between liberty and equality.स्वतन्त्रता एवं समानता के बीच संबंधों की चर्चा कीजिए।Q.3.How does censorship restrict the freedom of speech and expression.सेंसरशिप किस प्रकार से बोलने एवं अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता को बाधित करता है?Q.4.Is protective discrimination a violation of the principle of fairness? Explain.संरक्षणात्मक भेदभाव निष्पक्षता के सिद्धांत का उल्लंघन है? व्याख्या कीजिए।​

Answer 1

Answer:

pls wait

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Answer 2

There are various justifications that "protective discrimination does not violate" the principle of justice or fairness. Many claim that protection discrimination is a case to rectify the past – wrongs of "unjustified discrimination" against certain parts of society such as blacks, lower castes, tribals, women, and so on.

Explanation:

• Some tend to recognize preferential treatment for end-state equity as necessary & appropriate. The legislative dimension of equality only stresses equal rights, which ensures that access for all to essential social services on a universal basis will be made possible.
• That is, all "occupational structures of society" must be filled on the basis of their competence and their individual achievements. It was noticed, however, that abstract equal opportunities were not adequate, though they were essential.
• To have equal opportunities, it is vital to ensure "equality of conditions", that is , all competitors in the race must begin "from the same point" with "appropriate handicaps". And the "equality of conditions" further necessitates equality of outcome/results .
• It implies that equal results are obtained, irrespective of starting point or inherent ability, by law & political means. The "Social program of protective discrimination" favouring  marginalized communities such as scheduled castes, tribal communities, blacks, backward class,  children either by quotas or by compensation is called equitable, so that a true equality of opportunities for all can be established.
• Historically also, the definition of equality can be recognized. Because not everyone starts his life in a society on the same basis, and a number of castes, races,  & tribal communities socially, geographically, politically, and historically" have been marginalized, and the mere equality of opportunities will exacerbate only more inequality. Equitable opportunities must also be extended to "equality of conditions".
• Unless the allocation of goods and services between different parts of society equally evolves, every allocation system for goods and services would be unequal and not equitable. Some of the different ways of mitigating this disparity in the provision of goods and services is protective discrimination. As such, the principle of justice is "not violated"

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