Question

Q-1 Which layer of soil is rich in humus and minerals?
Q-2 Which layer supports all forms of plant life? Q-3 What are the factors responsible for soil formation?
Q-4 What are the different types of soil found in India?
Q-S Which soil is the most fertile soll?
Q-6 Where is alluvial soil found in India?
Q-7 Differentiate between khadar and Bangar. Q-8 From which rocks are black soils formed? Q-9 Which soil is known as cotton soil?
Q-10 What is the texture of Black soll?
Q-11 Where are red and yellow soils derived from? Q-12 in which regions of India red and yellow soils are found?

I will give 100 mark to the person who answered my questions
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Answer 1

Answer:

1. topsoil layer
2. The topsoil layer is a mixture of sand, silt, clay and broken down organic matter, called humus. Humus is rich, highly decomposed organic matter mostly made from dead plants, crunched-up leaves, dead insects and twigs. Topsoil is the home of living things and the materials that they make or they change
3. Changes in our surrounding that makes us respond to them ar
4. Scientists attribute soil formation to the following factors: Parent material, climate, biota (organisms), topography and time
5. On the basis of genesis, colour, composition and location, the soils of India have been classified into: (i) Alluvial soils (ii) Black soils (iii) Red and Yellow soils (iv) Laterite soils (v) Arid soils (vi) Saline soils (vii) Peaty soils (viii) Forest soils
6. Alluvial soils
7. Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops
8. Most alluvial soils are derived from the sediment being deposited by the river Ganga in the Indo–Gangetic plain, ranging from Punjab in the west to West Bengal and Assam in the east, as well as in the coastal areas of northern parts of Gujarat, Narmada, and Tapi valleys, which are formed by sea waves.
9. Bangar is found away from the river and higher than ground level. (i) Khadar is the new alluvium. In other words, Khadar is younger in age. (ii) Khadar is finer, more sandy and free from kankar nodules.

Answer 2

1.topsoil layer

2.topsoil

3.Parent material, climate, biota (organisms), topography and time.

4.Alluvial soils,Black (or Regur soil),Red and,Yellow soils,Laterite soils,Arid and desert soils,Saline and alkaline soils,Peaty and marshy soils,Forest and mountain soils

5.Alluvial soils

6.They are found in the eastern coastal plains of India, particularly in the deltas of rivers Mahanadi, Godavari river, Krishna river and Kaveri.

7.Bangar Soil

(i) Bangar is the old alluvium. In other words, Bangar is older than Khadar.

(ii) Bangar often contains kankar nodules with calcium carbonates in sub-soil.

(iii) Bangar is not renewed frequently. Hence, it is less fertile.

(iv) Bangar is found away from the river and higher than ground level.

Khadar Soil

(i) Khadar is the new alluvium. In other words, Khadar is younger in age.

(ii) Khadar is finer, more sandy and free from kankar nodules.

(iii) Khadar is renewed frequently and is more fertile.

(iv) Khadar is found near river channels in deltas and in flood plains.

8.Black soil is formed due to the weathering or erosion of the basalt rocks. Basalt rocks are prominently found in the region of Maharashtra as the quantity of basalt rock is more.

9.Black soils

10.Black cotton soil (regur soil) is highly argillaceous i.e. clayey. It is deep and impermeable and thus has high water retention capacity. Soil Colour: These soils are black in colour due to the presence of iron, aluminium compounds and humus.

11.Red and Yellow Soils

Locally called 'Chalka' in Andhra Pradesh. Formation: These are derived from granites, gneisses and other metamorphic rocks —> Zonal Soils. These are formed under well-drained conditions. Areas: Along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghat, a long stretch of area is occupied by red loamy soil.

12.Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the Piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.