Q.1. Who was the emperor of France when revolution took place there?
Q.2. How was the status of economy of France at the time of revolution?
Q.3. What was the method of contemporary French ruler for ruling in the country?
Q.4. For what reason the national assembly was constituted in France?
Q.5. Why was the reign of Robespierre was termed as the reign of terror?
Q.6. What do you know about the food riots which happened between 1794-1795?
Q.7. What do you know about Jacobins and Girondists?
Q.8. Who was Marie Jeanne Ronald?
Q.9. What do you know about the social changes in Europe in 19th century?
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Answers
Answer:
1. Napoleon I
2. The French Revolution abolished many of the constraints on the economy that had emerged during the old regime. It abolished the guild system as a worthless remnant of feudalism. It also abolished the highly inefficient system of tax farming, whereby private individuals would collect taxes for a hefty fee.
3. Limited monarchy
4. The National Assembly was created amidst the turmoil of the Estates-General that Louis XVI called in 1789 to deal with the looming economic crisis in France.
5. The period from 1793 to 1794 was referred to as the 'Reign of Terror' because Maximilian Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. Robespierre followed his policies so obstinately that he began to lose the support of the people.
6. The 1795 food riots are known as the revolt of the housewives, a term coined by John Lawrence Hammond and Barbara Hammond for a series of food riots and disturbances in England in 1795 arising out of exceptional food scarcity, in which women played conspicuous roles.
7. The Jacobin Club was heterogeneous and included both prominent parliamentary factions of the early 1790s, The Mountain and the Girondins. In 1792–1793, the Girondins were more prominent in leading France when they declared war on Austria and on Prussia, overthrew King Louis XVI, and set up the French First Republic.
8. Marie-Jeanne Roland was a French revolutionary, salonnière and writer.
9. The 19th century was a revolutionary period for European history and a time of great transformation in all spheres of life. Human and civil rights, democracy and nationalism, industrialization, and free market systems, all ushered in a period of change and chance.