Q.1 why does current flow through Earth wire?
Q.2 why is a switch for an appliance always connected to live wire
Answers
A switch in the electrical circuit is always connected to the live wire so that the socket/appliance is not live when it is switched off. A fuse is usually a thin piece of wire that will melt and break the circuit if too large a current flows through it.
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Answer:
Ans 1) If due to some reason such as short circuiting, an excessive current flows through the line wires. It will pass to earth as the earth's potential is always zero through the earth wire. Otherwise, the line wires may get overheated and it may cause a fire. When the live wire of a faulty appliance comes in direct contact with the metallic case of the appliance, the appliance acquires the high potential of live wire. A person touching it will get a fatal shock because current flows through his body to the earth. This is again because the earth's potential is always zero.
Ans 2) The switch should always be connected in the live wire. When the switch is "ON", the appliance gets connected to the high potential point through the live wire and current flows in the appliance. It is deceptive and dangerous to connect a switch in the neutral wire. In this case, when the switch is in "OFF" position, the appliance remains connected to the high potential terminal through the live wire, although no current is flowing because the return path is incomplete. In this condition, on touching the live wire in the appliance, the current will pass through the body of the person and he may get a fatal shock.