Question

Q. 11. Answer the following.
1) What are reflex actions? Give one example for spinal reflex action.
2) Which gland secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones? Write names of
enzymes and hormones.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Stimulus: In the example above, the stimulus is the contact with the hot pot. This contact causes a nerve impulse that will travel to the spinal cord via the sensory neurons.

Sensory neurons: These neurons carry the nerve impulse to the spinal cord. Similar to the interneuron and motor neuron, sensory neurons receive incoming impulses at the dendrites. The impulses move away from the cell body along the axon to the synaptic terminal where the impulse is sent to the next interneuron with the help of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine). Interneurons: The interneuron is also known as relay neuron. These neurons are fully contained in the central nervous system. The interneuron serves as the connection between the sensory neurons and the motor neurons. Synapse: The synapse is a tiny space between two neurons. When an impulse gets to the end of one neuron and has to be sent down to the next neuron, the synapse acts as a bridge. The signal arrives at the end of one neuron (close to the synapse) as an electrical signal, crosses the synapse as a chemical signal (with the help of a neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine released by the synaptic vesicles at the synaptic terminal) and continues as an electrical signal in the next neuron.

Motor neurons: These neurons send nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to effector organs or muscle fiber in our example above. This causes the muscle fiber to contract, resulting in you snatching your hand away from the hot pot.

Response: To respond to the stimulus of the reflex arc, the muscle needs to contract to pull the hand quickly away from the hot pot. For this to happen, the impulse travels to the synaptic terminal of the motor neuron. Synaptic vesicles at the synaptic . terminal will then release acetylcholine which will cross the synapse and bind to the receptors on the muscle fibers to trigger the muscle contraction known as the ‘response’.

Explanation:

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