Q.16:- Explain any five of the following terms:
(a) Client-Server Architecture
(b) World Wide Web
(C) DSL
(d) WAN
(e) Internet
(f) Modem
(g) Internet Service Provider
Answers
Answer:
Henrik Frystyk, July 1994
WWW Icon The World-Wide Web
The official description of the World-Wide Web (WWW, W3) is a "wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents". It is a way of viewing all the on-line information available on the Internet as a seamless, browsable continuum. This section introduces the general concept of the World-Wide Web and the basic elements in the model. The content of the section is as follows:
Basic World-Wide Web Model
Universal Resource Identifies
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Hypertext Markup Language
Interactive World-Wide Web Model
Basic World-Wide Web Model
The basic idea behind the World-Wide Web is based on a client server application and hypertext documents as illustrated in the figure below. The model is simplified in that it only contains elements that exists within the World-Wide Web concept. Later the model will be expanded to a generic resource accessing model.
The Client
The client is the user's interface to the Internet. Whatever type of service requested this interface stays the same, so users do not need to understand the differences between the many different access schemes in common use on the Internet. This principle is the same as is seen from other popular applications such as Microsoft Windows, Machintosh etc. where the user is always presented to the same GUI interface.
Uniform Resource Identifier URI
The user initiates a request by specifying a Uniform Resource Identifier or a "hyperlink". This link can specify any accessible information or resource on the Internet as long as it can be uniquely identified as an object. The word "Web" refers to the combination of accessible objects and the links pointing to them throughout the Internet.
The Server
The server is responsible for handling the request sent from the client. This can either be a local accessible resource or the server can request the resource from another server in which case the first server temporarily turns into a client.
Hypertext Transport Protocol HTTP
The client sends of the user request to a WWW server using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This is a typical client-server application based on a stateless connection between the client requesting the URI and the server handling the request.
Hypertext Markup Language HTML
On a successful request, a data object is returned from the server to the client. The object is written in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) which is a hypertext language with the possibility of containing hyperlinks that the user can follow.
The model basically reflects the first version of the World-Wide Web as it is described in the HTTP Protocol version 0.9 and HTML version 1.0. However, the WWW specifications have been rapidly changing during the last 3-4 years, even though the current model is still based on a client-server approach. From being a HTML and HTTP based model, the World-Wide Web is now capable of handling virtually any existing data format on the Internet using a large set of access methods apart from HTTP such as FTP, Gopher, WAIS, Telnet etc. In other words, the World-Wide Web represents a generic information exchange tool capable of accessing information throughout the Internet. Though, before the more advanced model is presented, it is necessary to get an overview of the basic elements in the WWW model mentioned above.
Universal Resource Identifies
In order to address a data object or more general, a resource, in the model above it is necessary to define a name space that not only contains information about hosts but also about resources available on each host. The World-Wide Web model defines Uniform Resource Identifiers or URIs that specifies a syntax for encoding the names and addresses of data objects on the Internet and how they can be accessed. The set of URIs covers
Universal Resource Identifier (URI)
A generic set of all addresses in the address space of all resources on the Internet. They describe a hierarchical naming scheme that together with the HTTP protocol makes a significant difference between the World-Wide Web model and other Internet access schemes such as FTP that has a flat address space.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
The term "URI" has been introduced by the IETF and is a a general description of all URL that are
Answer:
(A) Client-Server Architecture: In this processing paradigm, a client requests a service from a server, and the server responds by offering the requested service to the client. Web-based apps and computer networks frequently employ the client-server design.
(b) The World Wide Web is a network of connected hypertext texts that can be viewed online. Anyone with an internet link can view the websites and web pages that make up the World Wide Web.
(c) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): DSL is a form of broadband internet connection that offers high-speed internet connectivity using already-existing telephone lines. Data transfer speeds are increased by DSL technology compared to dial-up lines.
(d) WAN: A wide geographic area, such as an entire nation or even the entire globe, can be covered by a computer network called a wide area network (WAN). Local area networks (LANs) are linked together by wide area networks (WANs) to allow contact between various locations or workplaces.
(e) Internet: The Internet is a worldwide network of linked computers and servers that links devices all over the globe using standardised communication methods. Users can interact, exchange information, and access a wide range of services and tools thanks to the internet.
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