Q.16 With the help of a diagram explain the working of an hydro electric plant.
Give its advantages as well as disadvantages.
Answers
Answer:
The above image shows the typical layout of a hydroelectric power plant and its basic components. Dam and Reservoir: The dam is constructed on a large river in hilly areas to ensure sufficient water storage at height. ... Control Gate: Water from the reservoir is allowed to flow through the penstock to the turbine.
Explanation:
Definition
hydroelectric plant refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. It is considered a renewable energy source because the water cycle is constantly renewed by the sun
advantages of hydro electric plant with are:-
- Impoundment facilities are the most common technology which uses a dam to create a large reservoir of water. Electricity is made when water passes through turbines in the dam.
- Pumped storage facilities are similar but have a second reservoir below the dam. Water can be pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir, storing energy for use at a later time.
- Run-of-river facilities rely more on natural water flow rates, diverting just a portion of river water through turbines, sometimes without the use of a dam or reservoirs. Since run-of-river hydro is subject to natural water variability, it is more intermittent than dammed hydro.
And , it's is disadvantages are is
The environmental consequences of hydropower are related to interventions in nature due to damming of water, changed water flow and the construction of roads and power lines. Hydroelectric power plants may affect fish is a complex interaction between numerous physical and biological factors.
Answer:
Explanation:
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROELECTRIC PLANT.
1. Renewable Hydroelectric energy is renewable. This means that we cannot use up. However, there’s only a limited number of suitable reservoirs where hydroelectric power plants can be built and even less places where such projects are profitable.
2. Green Generating electricity with hydro energy is not polluting itself. The only pollution occurs during the construction of these massive power plants.
3. Reliable
Hydroelectricity is very reliable energy. There are very little fluctuations in terms of the electric power that is being by the plants, unless a different output is desired. Countries that have large resources of hydropower use hydroelectricity as a base load energy source. As long as there is water in the magazines electricity can be generated.
4. Flexible
As previously mentioned, adjusting water flow and output of electricity is easy. At times where power consumption is low, water flow is reduced and the magazine levels are being conserved for times when the power consumption is high.
5. Safe
Compared to among others fossil fuels and nuclear energy, hydroelectricity is much safer. There is no fuel involved (other than water that is).
DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROELECTRIC PLANT.
1. Environmental Consequences
The environmental consequences of hydropower are related to interventions in nature due to damming of water, changed water flow and the construction of roads and power lines.
Hydroelectric power plants may affect fish is a complex interaction between numerous physical and biological factors. More user interests related to exploitation of fish species, which helps that this is a field that many have strong opinions on.
Fish habitats are shaped by physical factors such as water level, water velocity and shelter opportunities and access to food. Draining would be completely devastating to the fish. Beyond this, the amount of water may have different effects on the fish in a river, depending on the type and stage of the life cycle. Not all unregulated river systems are optimal in terms of fish production, because of large fluctuations in flow.
2. Expensive
Building power plants in general is expensive. Hydroelectric power plants are not an exception to this. On the other hand, these plants do not require a lot of workers and maintenance costs are usually loW.
3. Droughts
Electricity generation and energy prices are directly related to how much water is available. A drought could potentially affect this.
4.Limited Reservoirs
We have already started using up suitable reservoirs for hydroelectric power plants. There are currently about 30 major power plants that are expected to generate more than 2.000 MW under construction. Only one of these projects was started in the last two years.
WORKING OF HYDROELECTRIC PLANT
In hydroelectric power station the kinetic energy developed due to gravity in a falling water from higher to lower head is utilised to rotate a turbine to produce electricity. The potential energy stored in the water at upper water level will release as kinetic energy when it falls to the lower water level. This turbine rotates when the following water strikes the turbine blades. To achieve a head difference of water hydroelectric electric power station are generally constructed in hilly areas. In the way of the river in hilly areas, an artificial dam is constructed to create required water head. From this dam water is allowed to fall toward downstream in a controlled way to turbine blades. As a result, the turbine rotates due to the water force applied to its blades and hence the alternator rotates since the turbine shaft is coupled with alternator shaft.
The main advantage of an electric power plant is that it does not require any fuel. It only requires water head which is naturally available after the construction of the required dam.
No fuel means no fuel cost, no combustion, no generation of flue gases, and no pollution in the atmosphere. Due to the absence of fuel combustion, the hydroelectric power plant itself is very neat and clean. In addition to that, it does not produce any pollution to the atmosphere. Also from constructional point of view, it is simpler than any thermal and nuclear power plant.
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