Question

Q.2 A. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (12)

Urea is major product of nitrogen metabolism in humans. It is eliminated from the

body mainly by kidneys through urine. Urea level in body fluids, such as blood and saliva,

rise drastically under certain kidney dysfunctions. Heart failure, hypovolemic shock,

gastrointestinal bleeding, and severe infections can also lead to a rise. Thus, urea in blood

and saliva provides key information on renal, function and helps diagnose various

disorders.

Most methods for estimating urea in body fluids are based on colorimetry. These

methods are time consuming and involve painful blood extraction. Collecting saliva is non-

evasive and research has correlated salivary and blood urea levels.

Recently scientists from the IIT-D and the AIIMS, New Delhi successfully

developed a smartphone based optical biosensor to detect urea in saliva. To fabricate the

sensor, they directly immobilised the urease enzyme with a pH indicator on a filter paper-

based strip. As response to the urea in saliva the paper strip changes colour. The red, green

and blue levels help measure urea concentration.

The scientists used the slope method, sensor response change per unit time, instead

of the differential method, the difference in sensor response between two-time intervals, to

increase sensitivity and eliminate interference by variations in ambient light.

The team clinically validated spiked saliva samples and samples from healthy

volunteers.

The smartphone application with paper strip can even be operated by non-

professionals with limited training. This saves time and cost spent on bulky spectroscopic

procedures. The report can revolutionise medical screening of large populations. And such

mass screening of diseases would boost national health.Do as directed / Transformation of Sentence. (3)

i) He is too weak to walk.

(Rewrite the sentence using ‘so …….that’)

ii) Temperature is one of the most important physical factors.

(Change into Positive Degree)

iii) I said to her, “Are you happy with my performance?”

(Change into Indirect Speech)प्A1. Complete the following sentences. (2)

i) The two organization conducted the research to develop a smartphone based optical

bio-sensor are ………………… and ………..…. .

ii) The …………….. and ……….. methods, were used in the research instead of the

differential method.

A2. Complete the following sentence using the correct alternative from those given below. (2)

Two objectives to conduct the research are …………

(i) Colorimetry method used to estimate urea in body fluids consumes more time.

(ii) Collecting samples of saliva is a non-invasive procedure.

(iii) Information obtained from the presence of urea in blood and saliva is not helpful to

diagnose various diseases.

(iv) Blood extraction is the easiest and less painful exercise.

A3. Write two benefits of the smartphone based optical biosensor. (2)

A4. 'Research revolutionizes the lifestyle of people in all spheres of life'. Do you agree?

Explain with an example. (2)

A5. Language Study; Do as directed (2)

i) These methods are time consuming and painful.

(Rewrite the sentence using ‘as well as’)

ii) The smartphone application with paper-strip can be operated.

(Begin the sentence with ‘They…..’)

A6. Find out similar meaning words from the extract for the following words. (2)

(i) specimen

(ii) extremely

(iii) focus

(iv) remove

B. Summary: (03)

Write a brief summary of the above extract with the help of the points given below

and suggest a suitable title.

Research by the organisation …… methods adopted …… reasons for the research……

advantages …… etc.

C. Mind Mapping: (03)

Develop a ‘Mind Mapping’ frame/ design using your ideas / thoughts / concepts to

illustrate on the given topic ‘Your basic preparation for the HSC Board Examination’​

Answer 1

Answer:

Transformation of sentences-

1)He is so weak that he cannot walk.

2)Temperature is one of the important physical factors.

3)I enquired of her if she were happy with my performance.

A1 )Complete the following-

2)Slope method

A2)Complete sentence using correct alternative-

ans- option i and option ii

A3) Two benefits of smartphone based optical biosensor-

1) It saves times and cost spent on bulky spectroscopic procedures.

2)It can even be operated by non professionals with less training.

A5)1)These methods are time consuming as well as painful.

2) They can operate smartphone application with paper strip.

A6)Similar meaning words-

1) Samples

2)Drastically

3) Detect

4)Eliminate

Hope you find it useful

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Answer 2

Answer:

the two organization that conducted the research to develop a smartphone based optical bio-sensor are...and.......