Q.2. Explain the layered structure of windows 7 in detail.
Answers
19.4 Describe the three main architectural layers of theWindows 7 kernel. Answer: a. The HAL (Hardware AbstractionLayer) creates operating system portability by hiding hardware differences from the upper layersof the operating system.
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Answer:
Explanation:In computers, a hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is a layer of programming that allows a computer OS to interact with a hardware device at a general or abstract level rather than at a detailed hardware level. HAL can be called from either the OS's kernel or from a device driver. In either case, the calling program can interact with the device in a more general way than it would otherwise.
at the HAL exploits the similarity in architectures of the guest and host platforms to cut down the interpretation latency. Virtualization technique helps map the virtual resources to physical resources and use the native hardware for computations in the VM. When the emulated machine needs to talk to critical physical resources, the simulator takes over and multiplexes appropriately. For such a virtualization technology to work correctly, the VM must be able to trap every privileged instruction execution and pass it to the underlying VMM to be taken care of. Hardware-level VMs tend to possess properties like high degree of isolation, i.e., both from other VMs as well as from the underlying physical machine, acceptance of the concept, support for different OSes and applications without requiring to reboot or going through the complicated dual-boot setup procedure, low risk, and easy maintenance. Typical HAL based virtualization solutions include many popular computer virtualization solutions such as VMware [233], Virtual PC [130], Denali [273], Plex86 [174], user model Linux [98], Cooperative Linux [50], etc.