Q.2 Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below. (5) Gandhiji became associated with the social life of Indians in South Africa since his arrival there in 1893. Can anyone act against one's own nature or escape being a plaything in the hands of Fate? Gandhiji had gone to Africa with professional motives. But as must have been the design of Destiny, his twenty one year's stay in South Africa became the preparatory period that equipped him with the perseverance and moral strength to emancipate society from the forces of untruth and violence with the spiritual antidote of truth and non-violence. It was a life of pure dedication: for, not once in twenty one years did he ever project himself as one who was after frame or one asserting himself as the author of events 1. In which year did Gandhiji arrive in South Africa? 2. With whom did Gandhiji associate himself in South Africa? 3. How many years did Mahatma Gandhi spent in South Africa? With which motive did Gandhiji go to South Africa? 5. Find out the word from the paragraph which means 'destiny'.
Answers
Answer:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡændi/;[2] 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer,[3] anti-colonial nationalist[4] and political ethicist[5] who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule[6] and in turn to inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "great-souled", "venerable"), first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world.[7][8]
Mahatma
Gandhi
Mahatma-Gandhi, studio, 1931.jpg
Gandhi in London, 1931
Born
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
2 October 1869
Porbandar, Porbandar State, Kathiawar Agency, British Raj
Died
30 January 1948 (aged 78)
New Delhi, India
Cause of death
Assassination (gunshot wounds)
Monuments
Raj Ghat
Gandhi Smriti
Citizenship
British Raj (1869–1947)
Dominion of India (1947–1948)
Alma mater
Alfred High School, Rajkot (1880 – November 1887)
Samaldas Arts College, Bhavnagar (January 1888 – July 1888)
Inner Temple, London (September 1888–1891)
(Informal auditing student at University College, London between 1888 and 1891)
Occupation
Lawyeranti-colonialistpolitical ethicist
Years active
1893–1948
Era
British Raj
Known for
Leadership of the campaign for India's independence from British rule,
Nonviolent resistance
Notable work
The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Office
43rd President of the Indian National Congress
Term
1924
Predecessor
Abul Kalam Azad
Successor
Sarojini Naidu
Political party
Indian National Congress (1920–1934)[1]
Movement
Indian independence movement
Spouse(s)
Kasturba Gandhi
(m. 1883; died 1944)
Children
HarilalManilalRamdasDevdas
Parents
Karamchand Gandhi (father)
Putlibai Gandhi (mother)
Signature
Signature of Gandhi
Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple, London, and was called to the bar at age 22 in June 1891. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, he moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. It was here that Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India. He set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and above all for achieving swaraj or self-rule.[9]
Also in 1921, Gandhi adopted the use of a short dhoti woven with hand-spun yarn as a mark of identification with India's rural poor. He began to live in a self-sufficient residential community and to eat simple food; he undertook long fasts as a means of both introspection and political protest. Bringing anti-colonial nationalism to the common Indians, Gandhi led them in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930 and in calling for the British to quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned many times and for many years in both South Africa and India.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by a Muslim nationalism which demanded a separate homeland for Muslims within British India.[10] In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire[10] was partitioned into two dominions, the Hindu-majority India and the Muslim-majority Pakistan.[11] As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Abstaining from the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to alleviate distress. In the months following, he undertook several hunger strikes to stop the religious violence. The last of these, begun on 12 January 1948 when he was 78,[12] also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan.[12] Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating to Pakistan.[12][13] Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest.[13]
Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence. Gandhi is commonly, though not formally, considered the Father of the Nation in India[14][15] and was commonly called Bapu[16] (Gujarati: endearment for father,[17] papa[17][18]).
Before leading the Indian freedom movement, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi used to live in South Africa to fight against injustice and class division. Within 10 years, Gandhi propagated the philosophy of Satyagraha there and propelled the country towards a no class or ethnic discrimination society.
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