Q.26 Describe the regional
variations in the climatic conditions of india with the help of suitable examples
Answers
In India many regional variations in climatic conditions are found due to its vast size. But due to the influence of monsoons India has a broad Unity .
Many factors like location , altitude , distance from the Sea, general relief produce regional variation in pattern of winds, temperature and rainfall.
The example given below illustrate the climatic differences:
i) Temperature:
Barmer( Rajasthan) has recorded the highest the temperature 50° C in summer and 15° C at night while hilly region like Gulmarg( Kashmir) have a day temperature of 20°C in June.
The winter temperatures at Dras & Kargil (Leh)
drops as low as - 45°C on the other hand Chennai may record only 20°C in December.
The annual range of temperature is about 12°C at Cochin while it is about 40°C in Punjab. Coastal regions have almost uniform temperature throughout the year.
ii) Rainfall:
The striking differences are found in rainfall pattern. Mawsynram (Meghalaya) annual rainfall of 1140 CM is the rainiest place in the world while Jaisalmer( Rajasthan) rarely gets more than 12 centimetre of annual rainfall and Leh gets only 10 cm rainfall.
The Western Coastal plain gets rain Storms while the Coromandel coast remains dry. when the Brahmaputra valley is submerged in floods it brings drought in Bihar
iii) Monsoons:
The dates of onset and withdrawal of monsoon differ in various parts. The West Coast get monsoon in the first week of June while interior parts like Punjab the monsoon by the first week of July.
iv) Seasons:
The southern part of the country have uniformly high temperature throughout the year. There is no winter season in the south. on the other hand seasonal extremes are found in the north. In Summer Heat wave is produced called Loo where as a cold wave is felt in winter.