Question

Q.4
Answer the following questions.
a) List the substances to be excreted from the body.


b) What does normal human urine consist of?

c) What does presence of blood cells in urine indicate?

d) What are the main organs involved in human excretory system?

e) Dialysis becomes a necessary procedure in some people. Give reason.

f) What is the function of cnidoblasts?

g) Write two characteristics each of: -

i. Phylum Coelenterata

ii. Phylum Annelida

iii. Class Pisces

iv. Class Aves
​

Answer 1

Answer:

Hello mate

Explanation:

a) Excretion gets rid of carbon dioxide, water, and other, possibly harmful, substances from your body. Your lungs excrete carbon dioxide as you breathe out, your kidneys filter out nasties to produce urine, removing nitrogen waste from your body, and your skin sheds excess salt through sweat.

b) It consists of water, urea (from amino acid metabolism), inorganic salts, creatinine, ammonia, and pigmented products of blood breakdown, one of which (urochrome) gives urine its typically yellowish colour.

c) Most causes of blood in your urine are not serious, But sometimes red or white blood cells in your urine can mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment, such as a kidney disease, urinary tract infection, or liver disease.

d) The paired kidneys are often considered the main organs of excretion. Their primary function is the elimination of excess water and wastes from the bloodstream by the production of urine. The kidneys are part of the urinary system, which also includes the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

e) You need dialysis when you develop end stage kidney failure --usually by the time you lose about 85 to 90 percent of your kidney function and have a GFR of <15. Click here to learn more about the stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and GFR.

f) a special cell called a cnidoblast and contains a coiled, hollow, usually barbed thread, which quickly turns outward (i.e., is everted) from the capsule upon proper stimulation. The purpose of the thread, which often contains poison, is to ward off enemies or to capture prey.

g)

Answer 2

Answer:

a) Your lungs excrete carbon dioxide as you breathe out, your kidneys filter out nasties to produce urine, removing nitrogen waste from your body, and your skin sheds excess salt through sweat.

b) Urea, salt and water

c) Sometimes red or white blood cells in your urine can mean that you have a medical condition that needs treatment, such as kidney disease, urinary tract infection, or liver disease.

d) Intestine, Kidneys, Urinary bladder, Arteries, Veins, ureter and urethra

e) If your kidneys are not working properly – for example, because you have advanced chronic kidney disease (kidney failure) – the kidneys may not be able to clean the blood properly. Waste products and fluid can build up to dangerous levels in your body.

f) A special cell called a cnidoblast and contains a coiled, hollow, usually barbed thread, which quickly turns outward (i.e., is everted) from the capsule upon proper stimulation. The purpose of the thread, which often contains poison, is to ward off enemies or to capture prey.

Explanation:

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