Question

Q.4. Attempt :
1. Read the paragraph and answer the question :
Food poisoning can occur due to contamination of food by various bacteria and fungi.Clostridia
are bacteria responsible for spoilage of cooked food. There are around 100 species of this bacteria
viz. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, etc. that are present either free living in soil or the
alimentary canal of humans and other animals. The bacteria are road-shaped and produce bottle
shaped endospores in adverse environmental conditions. There microbes cannot with stand normal
oxygen levels in air and grow under anaerobic conditions.
Mention the babitats where Clostridium normally exists.
2.
Do you know about any road shaped, anaerobic microorganism that is useful to humans ?
3. Which narrow-spectrum antibiotic can be used to treat bacterial infections caused by Clostridia?
4. How does Clostridium survive even under adverse conditions ?
5. Why is Clostridium mostly found to contaminate tinned or canned food & stuff ?
1.​

Answer 1

Answer:

2. The bacteria are road-shaped and produce bottle

shaped endospores in adverse environmental conditions.

3. Examples of narrow-spectrum antibiotics are the older penicillins (penG), the macrolides and vancomycin. Examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics are the aminoglycosides, the 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins, the quinolones and some synthetic penicillins.

4.   The bacteria are road-shaped and produce bottle

shaped endospores in adverse environmental conditions.

5. The bacteria Clostridium botulinum releases the toxin that causes botulism as part of its natural anaerobic process, meaning it multiplies in an oxygen-free environment, like a sealed can, Schaffner said.