Question

Q.4] Write short notes on the following: (Any 4)
1. Swadeshi Movement
2. Pathshala
3. Tribal religions
4. Public water supply in Porto Alegre Bolivia
5. Poetry of Kabir​

Answer 1

Answer:

1.Swadeshi Movement ; The Swadeshi movement was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism. The movement, begun in 1906 by Indian nationals opposed to the Partition of Bengal, was one of the most successful movements against British rule. Swadeshi was a focus of Mahatma Gandhi, who described it as the soul of swaraj (self-rule). It was the most significant movement in Bengal, and was known as the Vande Mataram movement in Andhra Pradesh. The movement ended in 1911.

2.Pathshala ; Pathshala pre-modern local elementary education centre imparting secular instructions geared to meet the practical needs of the community, such as zamindari accounts, mahajani accounts, weights and measures, document and letter writing etc. The pathshala was usually set up by an instructor called guru, who ran the centre as his private concern. There were also pathshalas established, though rarely, at the initiative of the community, but the guru's predominance in the management of the pathshala was unchallengeable. The guru based pathshala system in Bengal was in existence from very early times and it continued until the system began to erode under the pressure of the new education policy of the colonial government in the nineteenth century.'

3.Tribal religions ; In keeping with the nature of Indian religion generally, these particular religions often involve traditions of ancestor worship or worship of spirits of natural features. ... Tribal beliefs persist as folk religion even among those converted to a major religion.

5. Poetry of Kabir ; Kabir also known as Kabir Das' was born and brought up in a Muslim weavers family by Niru and Nima. He was a mystic poet and a musician and was one of the important saints of Hinduism and also considered a Sufi by Muslims. He is respected by Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. He was a disciple of Ramananda Poet et.

Explanation:

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