Question

Q.40 Explain the various types of chromosomes on the basis of position of kinetochores. ​

Answer 1

Answer:

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The type of chromosomes based on the position of the centromere are of the following four types :  

1) Metacentric chromosome: centromere in middle forming two equal arms.

2) Sub-metacentric chromosome: centromere placed near to one end resulting in one shorter and one long arm.

3) Acrocentric chromosome: Centromere placed close to one end forming one extreme short and one extreme long arm.

4) Telocentric chromosome: terminally placed centromere.

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Answer 2

Answer

Firstly let's know what is Kinetochores ?

Each chromosome is consist oftwo chromatids. Both the chromatids of a chromosome are joined or connected by a structure called Centromere.

At this point or centromere two protein discs are present which are called Kinetochore.

Kinetochores constitute the actual site of attachement of spindles to chromosomes during cell division. At the region of centromere the chromosome is comparatively narrower than remaining part of chromosome.

Types of chromosomes on the basis of position of Kinetochores are :

$\bigstar$ Telocentric chromosomes :-

• When centromere is terminal or located at the tip of chromosomes.

$\bigstar$ Acrocentric chromosomes :-

• When the centromere is sub-terminal or located near the tip of chromosomes.

$\bigstar$ Metacentric chromosomes :-

• When the centromere is located at the mid of the chromosomes.

$\bigstar$ Sub Metacentric chromosomes :-

• When the centromere located near centre or mid point of chromosomes.