Q. 7 Match the statements given under A with the correct options under B B A Plural seense (1) (11) Collection of data (III) Distrust of statistics (a) It does study qualitative phenomena (b) Statistics as a method (c) Statistics as numerical set of data (d) First step in a statistical enquiry (e) Lack of confidence in statistical methods and statements. (IV) Limitations of statistics (V) Singular sense
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
There are several laws and limitations in statistics. There is also a lot of distrust of statistics. Today, we will talk about the various laws of statistics, their limitations and distrust of statistics. There are two laws of statistics which form the basis of the theory of sampling. These are:
The Law of Statistical Regularity
Law of Inertia of Large Numbers
The Law of Statistical RegularityThis law forms the basis of the theory of probability in statistics. According to this theory, if you take a large random sample from a population, then it is fairly representative of the population.
According to Prof. W.I. King, “The law of statistical regularity formulated in a mathematical theory of probability lays down that a moderately large number of items chosen at random from a very large group are almost sure on the average to have the characteristics of the large group.” This law holds good if it meets two conditions:
The sample is random
The size of the sample is large
Browse more Topics under Descriptive Statistics
Definition and Characteristics of Statistics
Stages of Statistical Enquiry
Importance and Functions of Statistics
Nature of Statistics – Science or Art?
Application of Statistics
Meaning and Types of Data
Methods of Collecting Data
Census
Sample Investigation
Classification of Data
Tabulation of Data
Frequency Distribution of Data
Diagrammatic Presentation of Data
Graphic Presentation of Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean Median Mode
Measures of Dispersion
Standard Deviation
Variance Analysis
The Law of Inertia of Large Numbers
This law is the corollary of the law of statistical regularity. According to this law, a larger sized sample produces more accurate results. This is because large numbers have more stability, consistency, and steadiness as compared to small numbers.
Limitations of Statistics
Despite its immense use, Statistics has many limitations. These are as follows:
Deals in Quantitative Data
Statistics deals only with quantitative data and not the qualitative and descriptive facts like efficiency, intelligence, honesty, blindness, etc.
Studies Groups not Individuals
Statistics does not deal with individuals but with groups. This is one of the biggest limitations of statistics. To give you an example, the income of an individual or profit of a particular business unit is not statistics since those figures are unrelated and incomparable.
On the other hand, the aggregate of figures relating to prices and consumption of various commodities and over varying time periods are statistics.
Statistics is an inexact science
Statistical laws are not exact. In fact, the results are true only on averages. Also, they are valid only under a certain set of assumptions. Therefore, the science of statistics is less exact than natural sciences like physics, chemistry, etc.
Misuse
Statistics deal with figures which are innocent in themselves and can be easily manipulated or distorted by people for their selfish motives. Therefore, it is a dangerous tool in the hands of a non-expert.
It is hence important that the user of the statistical methods has sound knowledge of the subject along with the self-control of an artist.
According to Prof. W.I. King, “Statistics are like clay from which you can make a God or a devil as you please.” He also said that “The science of statistics is the useful servant but only of great values to those who understand its proper use.”
Distrust of Statistics
By definition, distrust means a lack of confidence or belief. Further, the science of statistics is always subject to doubt and suspicion because of its misuse by unscrupulous elements for their selfish motives. The common beliefs about statistics are: