Q:-8 Differentiate between the following :-
1. Surface Mining and Underground Mining
2. Equatorial Climate and Tropical Climate.
Answers
Answer:
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels.
Coal strip mine in Wyoming
The Siilinjärvi carbonatite complex,[1] a mine owned by Yara International, in Siilinjärvi, Finland
Surface mining began in the mid-16th century[2][dubious – discuss] and is practiced throughout the world, although the majority of surface coal mining occurs in North America.[3] It gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States.[4]
In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first remove the overburden. Next, large machines, such as dragline excavators or bucket wheel excavators, extract the mineral.