Q.8 Sumarize British in Punjab? And British in Awadh?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
punjab
On 21 February 1849, the East India Company decisively defeated the Sikh Empire at the Battle of Gujrat bringing to an end the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Following the victory, the East India Company annexed the Punjab on 2 April 1849 and incorporated it within British India.
awadh
Emergence of Awadh as an Independent State: As the Mughal empire declined and lost its control, Awadh grew stronger and more independent. Awadh was important because it controlled the doab, the fertile plain between the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers and had enough wealth to safeguard its independence from the threats of the increasing influence of the English East India Company. The Nawabs of Awadh were a Persian Shia Muslim dynasty from Nishapur. Saadat Khan Burhanul Mulk was appointed the first Nawab of Awadh in 1722 AD who set up his court in Faizabad near Lucknow. His successor was Safdarjung (1737 AD–1754 AD), an influential noble at the Mughal court in Delhi.
British Enmity with Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula: The third Nawab, Shuja-ud-Daula (1754 AD–1775 AD) broke ranks with the British after forming alliance with Mir Qasim, the deposed Nawab of Bengal. He, along with Mir Qasim and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was decisively defeated at the Battle of Buxar on 22-23 October 1764 AD by the British and was forced to cede parts of his territory. As part of their accession design, the British appointed a resident in 1773 AD, thereby gaining control of more territory and authority in the state. The fourth Nawab was Asaf-ud-Daula (1775 AD-1797 AD) who shifted the capital from Faizabad to Lucknow in 1775 AD.
Nawab Sadat Ali Khan II and Treaty of 1801 AD: In 1798 AD, the fifth Nawab Wazir Ali Khan (1797AD–1798 AD) was accused by the British to be unfaithful and uncaring towards his own people. Subsequently he was forced to abdicate and replaced by his uncle Saadat Ali Khan II with the help from the British. The assassination of a British Resident in 1798 AD in Benares by the deposed Wazir Ali gave the British further excuse for interference in internal affairs of Awadh. Lord Wellesley exploited it to the best possible extent by virtue of treaty of 1801 AD. Saadat Ali Khan II was reduced to a mere puppet king under the provisions of the treaty. He was forced to disband his own troops and agreed to bear the huge expense of the British army.
Annexation of Awadh with British India: The final moment came and Awadh was annexed to the English East India Company under the terms of the Doctrine of Lapse on the grounds of internal misrule on 7 February 1856 AD by the order of the Governor General of the British East India Company, Lord Dalhousie.