Q.97
Select the correct statement w.r.t. mango and coconut
(1) They develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries
(2) They develop from monocarpellary inferior ovaries
(3) They have fibrous epicarp
(4) They have fleshy edible mesocarp
Answers
Answer:
They are classified into three groups : Simple, aggregate and multiple or compound fruit.
Simple fruits : They are formed from mono-or polycarpellary but syncarpous ovary. They may be dry or fleshy.
(1) Simple dry fruits have thin, hard and dry, pericarp. They are of three kinds :
(i) Dehiscent or Capsular (ii) Achenial or Indehiscent (iii) Schizocarpic
(i) Dehiscent fruit : These fruits are dry, many seeded and split open at maturity. They are of following types :
Legume or Pod : It is characteristic of the family leguminosae; developed from monocarpellary unilocular superior ovary with marginal placentation. It can open or dehisces by both ventral and dorsal sutures. e.g., in Cicer arietinum (Gram); Pisum sativum (Pea) and Phaseolus mungo (Black gram).
Follicle : It is very much resembles the legume but on ripening it opens generally along the ventral suture. e.g., Calotropis, Larkspur, etc.
Siliqua : The fruit is developed from bicarpellary, syncarpous and superior ovary which bears ovules on two parietal placenta. The ovary is unilocular but later becomes bilocular due to the development of a false partition wall called replum. It dehisces from the base towards the apex by both the sutures e.g., In Brassica (Mustard) and is characteristic of the family Cruciferae.
Silicula : It is flattened and short in length from siliqua type, found in Iberis (Candytuft) and Capsella bursa (Shepherd’s purse).
Capsule : It is mono or polycarpellary, dry dehiscent, many seeded fruit which developes from a superior or inferior ovary. It dehisces in almost all the ways i.e., longitudinal and transverse, along both the sutures. Majority of capsules show longitudinal-dehiscence which again are of different types :
Loculicidal : Lines of dehiscence appear along the dorsal sutures, e.g., Gossypium herbacium (Cotton) and Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady’s finger).
Septicidal : Lines of dehiscence appear along the ventral sutures or septations of the ovaries e.g., in Viola (Pansy), Linseed (Linum).
Septifragel : Lines of dehiscence along irregular lines, but the seeds remain attached to the placenta, as in Datura stramonium (Thorn apple).
(ii) Achenial or Indehiscent fruits : These fruits do not burst at maturity but the seeds are liberated only by the decaying of the pericarp. These are of following types :
Achene : It is small, dry one seeded fruit which develops from a superior or inferior monocarpellary ovary. In this type, the pericarp is tough but thin and free from the seed coat, e.g., in Mirabilis (four o’clock plant) and Clematis. Some times achenes occur in a group from apocarpus ovary where carpels are many e.g., Nelumbium (Lotus).
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Answer:
(A)they develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries
Explanation:
Mango and coconut are drupe.
And drupes develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries.
They have edible mesocarp.
And are one seeded fruits.
Coconut do have fibrous epicarp but mango doesn't so in the question they are asking about the general characteristics which are found in both.
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